Intraindividual variability in perceived control in a older sample: The MacArthur successful aging studies.

Eizenman, Dara R.; Nesselroade, John R.; Featherman, David L.

doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.3.489

Cited by 73 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…Complementary work shows a similar pattern for behavioral variability ( Williams et al, 2005 ). Crucially, despite these similar patterns, evidence strongly suggests that variability provides unique insight into cognitive aging above and beyond mean performance alone ( Eizenman et al, 1997 ; Dykiert et al, 2012 ; Gamaldo et al, 2012 ). For instance, trial-to-trial variability might reflect different strategies, momentary lapses ( Adam et al, 2015 ), or endogenous differences in the signal-to-noise ratio of neural-evoked responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorer White Matter Microstructure Predicts Slower and More Variable Reaction Time Performance: Evidence for a Neural Noise Hypothesis in a Large Lifespan Cohort

McCormick

Cam‐CAN

Kievit³

2023

J. Neurosci.

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Most prior research has focused on characterizing averages in cognition, brain characteristics, or behavior, and attempting to predict differences in these averages among individuals. However, this overwhelming focus on mean levels may leave us with an incomplete picture of what drives individual differences in behavioral phenotypes by ignoring the variability of behavior around an individual’s mean. In particular, enhanced white matter (WM) structural microstructure has been hypothesized to supportconsistentbehavioral performance by decreasing gaussian noise in signal transfer. Conversely, lower indices of white matter microstructure are associated with greater within-subject variance in the ability to deploy performance-related resources, especially in clinical populations. We tested a mechanistic account of the ‘neural noise’ hypothesis in a large adult lifespan cohort (Cam-CAN) with over 2500 adults (ages 18–102; 1508 female; 1173 male; 2681 behavioral sessions; 708 MRI scans) using WM fractional anisotropy (FA) to predict mean levels and variability in reaction time performance on a simple behavioral task using a dynamic structural equation model (DSEM). By modeling robust and reliable individual differences in within-person variability, we found support for a neural noise hypothesis (Kail, 1997), with lower FA predicted individual differences in separable components of behavioral performance estimated using DSEM, including slower mean responses and increased variability. These effects remained when including age, suggesting consistent effects of WM microstructure across the adult lifespan unique from concurrent effects of ageing. Crucially, we show that variability can be reliably separated from mean performance using advanced modeling tools, enabling tests of distinct hypotheses for each component of performance.Significance Statement:Human cognitive performance is defined not just by the long-run average, but trial-to-trial variability around that average. However, investigations of cognitive abilities and changes during aging have largely ignored this variability component of behavior. We provide evidence that white matter microstructure predicts individual differences in mean performanceandvariability in a sample spanning the adult lifespan (18-102). Unlike prior studies of cognitive performance and variability, we modeled variability directly and distinct from mean performance using a dynamic structural equation model, which allows us to de-couple variability from mean performance and other complex features of performance (e.g., autoregression). The effects of WM were robust above the effect of age, highlighting the role of WM in promoting fast andconsistentperformance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorer White Matter Microstructure Predicts Slower and More Variable Reaction Time Performance: Evidence for a Neural Noise Hypothesis in a Large Lifespan Cohort

McCormick

Cam‐CAN

Kievit³

2023

J. Neurosci.

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Daily Responsiveness, Expectations, and Self–disclosure: How the Average Levels and Within–person Variability of Three Relationship Components Mediate Personality–Relationship Transactions in Romantic Couples

et al. 2020

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The associations between couple members' personality and their relationship satisfaction can be conceptualized as reciprocal transactions. To better understand these transactions, we focused on both partners' interpersonal vulnerabilities (i.e. neuroticism, low self‐esteem, and insecure attachment); daily emotional, cognitive, and behavioural relationship components (i.e. perceived responsiveness, positive expectations, and self‐disclosure); and relationship satisfaction. Specifically, we examined whether the average levels and within‐person variability of the relationship components mediated the transactions between interpersonal vulnerabilities and relationship satisfaction. Data came from 689 female–male couples aged 18 to 81 years who participated in three measurement occasions across 12 months, including a 14‐day diary phase. We used mediated dyadic bivariate latent change score models to test the level–change and change–change transactions and mediations. The findings partly supported our hypotheses: Couple members with interpersonal vulnerabilities had lower average levels (but not higher within‐person variability) of the relationship components, and less satisfied couple members had lower average levels and higher within‐person variability of these components. The lower average levels but not the variability mediated between a lower level of relationship satisfaction and an increase in avoidant attachment. No other mediations were observed. We discuss the importance of studying daily relationship components for better understanding reciprocal transactions in couples. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

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How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?

et al. 2021

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The present study examined how personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults and distinguished between the manifestations of experiences and behaviors. We used data from an ambulatory assessment study over 10 days with assessments of trait-related experiences and behaviors obtained from 136 older adults aged between 60 and 91 years (41.2% male; M = 70.45 years). Multilevel models revealed that on average, 61.2% of variance in trait-related experiences and 39.6% of variance in behaviors were due to consistent differences between persons. Older adults were rather variable and diverse in their trait manifestations, while they also showed relative stability in trait manifestations. Across older age, some age effects for trait manifestations were found. Moreover, within-person variation of experiences and behaviors showed, with one exception, joint fluctuations in daily life. The findings portray a nuanced picture of trait manifestations in older adulthood. The findings complement the literature on within-person variability in older adulthood and might encourage further studies from a within-person perspective to better understand how older adults navigate through daily life.

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Intraindividual variability in perceived control in a older sample: The MacArthur successful aging studies.

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Poorer White Matter Microstructure Predicts Slower and More Variable Reaction Time Performance: Evidence for a Neural Noise Hypothesis in a Large Lifespan Cohort

Poorer White Matter Microstructure Predicts Slower and More Variable Reaction Time Performance: Evidence for a Neural Noise Hypothesis in a Large Lifespan Cohort

Daily Responsiveness, Expectations, and Self–disclosure: How the Average Levels and Within–person Variability of Three Relationship Components Mediate Personality–Relationship Transactions in Romantic Couples

How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?

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