Intralesional immunotherapy with killed Mycobacterium w vaccine for the treatment of ano‐genital warts: an open label pilot study

Abstract

Intralesional immunotherapy of ano-genital warts with Mw vaccine seems to be a promising new approach, which needs to be evaluated in the randomized controlled trials.

Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine as an intralesional immunotherapy in treatment of warts

“…The therapeutic response to intralesional MMR vaccine in our study was much higher than that reported by Kus et al 17 (29.4%), Clifton et al 18 (47%), King et al 19 (50%), Signore 20 (51%) and Horn et al 21 (53%), slightly higher than that reported by Johnson and Horn 22 (70.9%), similar to that reported by Phillips et al 23 (72%) and slightly lower than that reported by Johnson et al 24 (74%) , Brunk 25 (85%), Gupta et al 26 (88.9%) and Maronn et al 27 (87%). The presence of three synergistic viral antigens in MMR vaccine that could be associated with higher stimulation of the immune system may explain the relatively higher response in our study as compared to most of the related studies which utilize either a single antigen [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] or a combination of antigens.…”

“…Intralesional antigen injection probably induces strong non-specific inflammatory response against the HPV infected cells. 24,26 It has also been suggested that the trauma itself, or the bystander effect, may cause wart clearance in previously sensitized individuals. 17 Intralesional immunotherapy has been shown to be associated with release of different cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, INF-c and TNF-a that stimulate a strong immune response against HPV.…”

“…17 Intralesional immunotherapy has been shown to be associated with release of different cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, INF-c and TNF-a that stimulate a strong immune response against HPV. 21,26 Intralesional immunotherapy is usually associated with mild insignificant side effects such as flu like symptoms, edema, erythema, itching and pain at the site of injection. 3 In the case of MMR vaccine, tolerable pain at the injection site was the main side effect observed in 18 (36%) patients.…”

“…A similar observation of absent or low rates of recurrence have also been reported by similar related studies. [23][24][25][26] Intralesional MMR vaccine has shown significant advantages over other treatments. Most of the recently available treatments are painful and need multiple visits.…”

Common Clinical Manifestations of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection

“…Initially 0.1 ml is intradermally injected in the deltoids, followed by an intralesional injection at two weeks and is repeated weekly for a maximum of 10 weeks [15]. Photodynamic therapy is successfully being used albeit pending more conclusive results [16].…”