Intramyocellular lipid and glycogen content are reduced following resistance exercise in untrained healthy males

Koopman, René; Manders, Ralph; Jonkers, Richard A. M.; Hul, Gabby B.; Kuipers, H.; Loon, Luc J. C. van

doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0118-0

Cited by 117 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

104

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sections were stained using laminin (Sigma) and N2.261 (developed by Dr. Helen M. Blau, obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank developed under the auspices of the NICHD and maintained by The University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA) antibodies to assess the fiber type-specific cross-sectional area and the percentage of myosin IIa isoforms and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity to determine fiber type proportions (37,38). Digital images were obtained using an upright microscope with a camera (Axio Imager D1, Carl Zeiss, Wrek Göttingen, Germany), controlled by AxioVision AC software (AxioVision AC Rel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Body Deletion of AMP-activated Protein Kinase β2 Reduces Muscle AMPK Activity and Exercise Capacity

Steinberg

O’Neill

Dzamko

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

148

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ␤ subunits (␤1 and ␤2) provide scaffolds for binding ␣ and ␥ subunits and contain a carbohydrate-binding module important for regulating enzyme activity. We generated C57Bl/6 mice with germline deletion of AMPK ␤2 (␤2 KO) and examined AMPK expression and activity, exercise capacity, metabolic control during muscle contractions, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) sensitivity, and susceptibility to obesity-induced insulin resistance. We find that ␤2 KO mice are viable and breed normally. ␤2 KO mice had a reduction in skeletal muscle AMPK ␣1 and ␣2 expression despite up-regulation of the ␤1 isoform. Heart AMPK ␣2 expression was also reduced but this did not affect resting AMPK ␣1 or ␣2 activities. AMPK ␣1 and ␣2 activities were not changed in liver, fat, or hypothalamus. AICAR-stimulated glucose uptake but not fatty acid oxidation was impaired in ␤2 KO mice. During treadmill running ␤2 KO mice had reduced maximal and endurance exercise capacity, which was associated with lower muscle and heart AMPK activity and reduced levels of muscle and liver glycogen. Reductions in exercise capacity of ␤2 KO mice were not due to lower muscle mitochondrial content or defects in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake or fatty acid oxidation. When challenged with a high-fat diet ␤2 KO mice gained more weight and were more susceptible to the development of hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. In summary these data show that deletion of AMPK ␤2 reduces AMPK activity in skeletal muscle resulting in impaired exercise capacity and the worsening of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5 is an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a metabolic regulatory enzyme at both the intracellular and whole body level (1, 2). As a metabolic stress-sensing enzyme, AMPK is activated through phosphorylation of Thr 172 in the ␣-catalytic subunit by upstream kinases, liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase in response to physiological processes that consume ATP (exercise) or inhibit ATP production (ischemia or hypoxia) (3). Following activation, AMPK acutely regulates lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism through phosphorylation induced changes that alter enzyme activities by switching off ATP consuming anabolic pathways and switching on ATP generating catabolic pathways (4). In addition to these acute effects, AMPK regulates transcription factors to influence gene expression (4). Modulation of AMPK activity by hormones and cytokines adds a complex layer of regulation allowing energy supply and demand within a cell to be integrated with the energy requirements of the whole organism (5).AMPK functions as an ␣␤␥ heterotrimer where the C terminus of the ␤ isoforms (␤1 and ␤2) contains the subunit-binding sequence that is essential for binding the ␥ and ␣ subunits (6, 7). In addition to their structural role in maintaining the AMPK heterotrimer, AMPK ␤ subunits contain an evolutionary ...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Body Deletion of AMP-activated Protein Kinase β2 Reduces Muscle AMPK Activity and Exercise Capacity

Steinberg

O’Neill

Dzamko

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

148

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is clear that resistance exercise depletes glycogen stores (105) . Thus, sufficient carbohydrate intake to restore muscle glycogen would be necessary to support high-intensity training.…”

Section: Potential Problems With High-protein Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and consequences of very-high-protein diets for athletes and exercisers

Tipton

2011

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Athletes and exercisers have utilised high-protein diets for centuries. The objective of this review is to examine the evidence for the efficacy and potential dangers of high-protein diets. One important factor to consider is the definition of a 'high-protein diet'. There are several ways to consider protein content of a diet. The composition of the diet can be determined as the absolute amount of the protein (or other nutrient of interest), the % of total energy (calories) as protein and the amount of protein ingested per kg of body weight. Many athletes consume very high amounts of protein. High-protein diets most often are associated with muscle hypertrophy and strength, but now also are advocated for weight loss and recovery from intense exercise or injuries. Prolonged intake of a large amount of protein has been associated with potential dangers, such as bone mineral loss and kidney damage. In otherwise healthy individuals, there is little evidence that high protein intake is dangerous. However, kidney damage may be an issue for individuals with already existing kidney dysfunction. Increased protein intake necessarily means that overall energy intake must increase or consumption of either carbohydrate or fat must decrease. In conclusion, high protein intake may be appropriate for some athletes, but there are potential negative consequences that must be carefully considered before adopting such a diet. In particular, care must be taken to ensure that there is sufficient intake of other nutrients to support the training load

show abstract

“…Previous studies have shown that changes in muscle fibre-type composition (20)(21)(22)(23), muscle oxidative capacity (MUOX) (24) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) (25,26) and/or glycogen (25) content are associated with the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Although insulin sensitivity has been reported to improve following resistance (27)(28)(29) as well as endurance-type (2, 30-32) exercise training, the concomitant structural changes in resting IMCL and/or glycogen content following exercise interventions in T2D patients remain controversial (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-standing, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients with complications respond well to short-term resistance and interval exercise training

Praet¹,

Jonkers²,

Schep³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine the feasibility and the benefits of combined resistance and interval exercise training on phenotype characteristics and skeletal muscle function in deconditioned, type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with polyneuropathy. Design: Short-term, single-arm intervention trial. Methods: Eleven male T2D patients (age: 59.1G7.5 years; body mass index: 32.2G4.0 kg/m 2 ) performed progressive resistance and interval exercise training thrice a week for 10 weeks. Besides primary diabetes outcome measures, muscle strength (MUST), maximal workload capacity (W max ), whole-body peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) and muscle oxidative capacity (MUOX), intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and glycogen (IMCG) storage, and systemic inflammation markers were determined before and after training. Daily exogenous insulin requirements (EIR) and historic individualized EIR were gathered and analysed. Results: MUST and W max increased with 17% (90% confidence intervals 9-24%) and 14% (6-21) respectively. Furthermore, mean arterial blood pressure declined with 5.5 mmHg (K9.7 to K1.4). EIR dropped with 5.0 IU/d (K11.5 to 1.5) compared with baseline. A decline of respectively K0.7 mmol/l (K2.9 to 1.5) and K147 mmol/l (K296 to 2) in fasting plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were observed following the intervention, but these were not accompanied by changes in VO 2peak , MUOX, IMCL or IMCG, and blood glycolysated haemoglobin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-a and/or cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: Short-term resistance and interval exercise training is feasible in deconditioned T2D patients with polyneuropathy and accompanied by moderate improvements in muscle function and blood pressure. Such a specific exercise regimen may provide a better framework for future exercise intervention programmes in the treatment of deconditioned T2D patients.

show abstract

Intramyocellular lipid and glycogen content are reduced following resistance exercise in untrained healthy males

Cited by 117 publications

References 50 publications

Whole Body Deletion of AMP-activated Protein Kinase β2 Reduces Muscle AMPK Activity and Exercise Capacity

Whole Body Deletion of AMP-activated Protein Kinase β2 Reduces Muscle AMPK Activity and Exercise Capacity

Efficacy and consequences of very-high-protein diets for athletes and exercisers

Long-standing, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients with complications respond well to short-term resistance and interval exercise training

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About