Intranasal administration of CpG oligonucleotides induces mucosal and systemic Type 1 immune responses and adjuvant activity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome killed virus vaccine in piglets in vivo

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…CpG was shown to promote a strong antigen-specific Th1-like immune response in the mucosa and local lymph nodes after mucosal application with glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and protection against mucosal viral challenge in mice [112]. Intranasal administration seems to be especially effective in inducing both systemic and mucosal reponses [113]. Because of this, Intranasal administration of CpG ODN in both murine leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis model in mice resulted in comparable results against challenge as that after subcutaneous administration [114].…”

Use of CpG Oligonucleotides as Mucosal Adjuvants

“…The ability of CpG ODN to boost mucosal immunity was also examined in piglets immunized with a vaccine targeting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) (Zhang et al, 2007). Intranasal vaccination that included CpG ODN as adjuvant augmented systemic IgG anti-PRRS titers by >4-fold and mucosal IgA titers in GI, nasal, and oral secretions by >10-fold when compared to the vaccine alone (p < 0.05).…”

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide synergizes innate defense regulator peptide for enhancing the systemic and mucosal immune responses to pseudorabies attenuated virus vaccine in piglets in vivo

“…All blood samples at day 7 collected in evacuated test tubes with heparin were analyzed for antigen-specific cytokine production and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferative responses. At day 7, four piglets per group were euthanized by bleeding under anesthesia by intravenous injection of Halothane (24 mg/kg), saliva, broncheoalveolar lavage (BAL) and intestinal washings were collected as previously described [11,16] for determination of IgA titers.…”