Intranasal nanoemulsion-adjuvanted HSV-2 subunit vaccine is effective as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine using the guinea pig model of genital herpes

Bernstein, David I.; Cardin, Rhonda D.; Bravo, Fernando; Hamouda, Tarek; Pullum, Derek A.; Cohen, Gary H.; Bitko, Vira; Fattom, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.077

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Despite setbacks over three decades [ 77 , 85 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], optimism is grounded on progress in basic science and results of vaccine candidates currently in phase I and/or II trials [ 29 , 35 , 93 ]. Optimism is also grounded on several lines of evidence suggesting vaccine feasibility [ 35 ], including improved understanding of HSV immunology [ 35 , 40 , 94 , 95 ], growing knowledge of the optimal combination of antigens and adjuvants that could lead to vaccine protection [ 77 , 85 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 ], success and availability of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against varicella zoster virus (VZV) [ 35 , 102 , 103 ], which is a closely related alpha-herpes virus, success and availability of animal herpes vaccines such as the bovine herpesvirus-1 [ 104 ] and the suid herpesvirus-1 (pseudorabies virus) [ 35 , 105 ], demonstration that intramuscular vaccination can induce genital mucosal immunity [ 35 ], as is the case for HPV vaccination [ 106 ], and the partial protection in the Herpvac trial against HSV-1 infection and genital disease [ 35 , 85 ] given the strong homology between HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses [ 17 , 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Impact of Novel Preventive and Therapeutic HSV-2 Vaccination in the United States: Mathematical Modeling Analyses

2020

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This study aims to inform herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccine development, licensure, and implementation by delineating the population-level impact of vaccination. Mathematical models were constructed to describe the transmission dynamics in presence of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines assuming 50% efficacy, with application to the United States. Catch-up prophylactic vaccination will reduce, by 2050, annual number of new infections by 58%, incidence rate by 60%, seroprevalence by 21%, and avert yearly as much as 350,000 infections. Number of vaccinations needed to avert one infection was only 50 by 2050, 34 by prioritizing those aged 15–19 years, 4 by prioritizing the highest sexual risk group, 43 by prioritizing women, and 47 by prioritizing men. Therapeutic vaccination of infected adults with symptomatic disease will reduce, by 2050, annual number of new infections by 12%, incidence rate by 13%, seroprevalence by 4%, and avert yearly as much as 76,000 infections. Number of vaccinations needed to avert one infection was eight by 2050, two by prioritizing those aged 15–19 years, three by prioritizing the highest sexual risk group, seven by prioritizing men, and ten by prioritizing women. HSV-2 vaccination offers an impactful and cost-effective intervention to prevent genital herpes medical and psychosexual disease burden.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Impact of Novel Preventive and Therapeutic HSV-2 Vaccination in the United States: Mathematical Modeling Analyses

2020

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“…There was a higher level of neutralizing antibodies compared to the single-surface glycoprotein candidate vaccine when both were injected into the guinea pig model. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the ability of the challenge of HSV-2 establishing latent infection in the dorsal root ganglia of the vaccinated guinea pigs [ 153 ].…”

Section: Hsv Vaccination and Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

et al. 2020

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common viral infections and usually last for a lifetime. The virus can potentially be controlled with vaccines since humans are the only known host. However, despite the development and trial of many vaccines, this has not yet been possible. This is normally attributed to the high latency potential of the virus. Numerous immune cells, particularly the natural killer cells and interferon gamma and pathways that are used by the body to fight HSV infections have been identified. On the other hand, the virus has developed different mechanisms, including using different microRNAs to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy to avoid clearance and aid latency induction. Both traditional and new methods of vaccine development, including the use of live attenuated vaccines, replication incompetent vaccines, subunit vaccines and recombinant DNA vaccines are now being employed to develop an effective vaccine against the virus. We conclude that this review has contributed to a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and the virus, which is necessary for the development of an effective vaccine against HSV.

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“…Apart from antiviral drug delivery, the NE system was effectively utilized as an immunization vehicle to deliver/present the inactivated viral proteins to the host immune system. NE was prepared by emulsification of soybean oil, Tween 80, cetylpyridinium chloride, ethanol, and water and used to develop intranasal vaccine containing HSV-2 surface glycoproteins gD2 and gB2 (NE01-gD2/gB2) [ 86 ]. The guinea pigs were immunized either intranasally or intramuscularly with NE01-gD2/gB2 at 63, 42, and 21 days before viral treatment.…”

Section: Role Of Eo-mes and -Nes In Viral Vaccine Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, only 1 in 12 NE01-gD2/gB2-intranasally vaccinated animals was detected with the latent virus at dorsal root ganglia. In the therapeutic study, a significant reduction in the recurrent lesions in the guinea pigs immunized with NE01-gD2/gB2 (intranasal) was observed [ 86 ]. In the same NE01 system plant-derived recombinant influenza H5 (rH5) antigen was incorporated to produce a novel intranasal influenza vaccine.…”

Section: Role Of Eo-mes and -Nes In Viral Vaccine Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoemulsions: The rising star of antiviral therapeutics and nanodelivery system—current status and prospects

Franklyne

Gopinath

Mukherjee

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

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Nanoemulsions (NEs) of essential oil (EO) have significant potential to target microorganisms, especially viruses. They act as a vehicle for delivering antiviral drugs and vaccines. Narrowing of drug discovery pipeline and the emergence of new viral diseases, especially, COVID-19 have created a niche to use nanoemulsions (NEs) for augmenting currently available therapeutic options. Published literature demonstrated that EOs have an inherent broad spectrum of activity across bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The emulsification process significantly improved the efficacy of the active ingredients in the EOs. This article highlights the research findings and patent developments in the last two years especially, in EO antiviral activity, antiviral drug delivery, vaccine delivery, viral resistance development, and repurposing EO compounds against SARS-CoV2.

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Intranasal nanoemulsion-adjuvanted HSV-2 subunit vaccine is effective as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine using the guinea pig model of genital herpes

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Epidemiological Impact of Novel Preventive and Therapeutic HSV-2 Vaccination in the United States: Mathematical Modeling Analyses

Epidemiological Impact of Novel Preventive and Therapeutic HSV-2 Vaccination in the United States: Mathematical Modeling Analyses

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

Nanoemulsions: The rising star of antiviral therapeutics and nanodelivery system—current status and prospects

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