Intraocular Forced Convection Mechanism Defect as Probable Cause of Normal-Tension Glaucoma

Abstract

This paper describes several pathologies associated with pathological movements that can cause physical effort on the optic nerve and damage to vision. The accumulation of intraocular metabolic residues increases ocular globe mass and can change its position in the orbit, as well as increase the cornea and crystalline, accommodation resistance, in addition to being able to increase the aqueous humor output resistance. A series of discreet pathologies may result in optic nerve impairment: cyclotorsion and saccadic movement, position in the orbit, and increased intraocular pressure. The cyclotorsion movements can be stimulated by the superior visual field restriction, due to the metabolic residue accumulation in the light transmission regions of this visual field, preventing correct fusion of the images.

Visual Impairment Caused by Monovision Surgical Design

“…Rectus muscles: Maintain the central fixation point, the intersection of the visual axes, projected in the respective central ocular fovea [2].…”

“…Superior oblique muscle: [2] Controls the cylindrical corneal dioptric power that is part of the moving mass transfer mechanism of the cornea and retina by forced convection and moves the trabecular meshwork to prevent obstructing the passage of aqueous humor [4]. The cerebral hemisphere adjusts the projected image on the contralateral eye nasal retina to the projected image on the ipsilateral eye temporal retina by contralateral eye superior oblique muscle contraction or relaxation, with the help of the other muscles to prevent torsional movement of the contralateral eye, so if the technician positions the corneal topography equipment without the contralateral eye occlusion then when turning off the light used for positioning the equipment the projected image on the contralateral eye temporal retina ceases to exist and can cause superior oblique muscle relaxation and repositioning of the eye under examination.…”

“…Inferior oblique muscle: Has antagonistic action to the torsional force of the superior oblique muscle to prevent cyclotorsional movement of the eye [2].…”

“…Ciliary muscle: controls the lens accommodation to select the depth of focus and moves its moving mass [2,4].…”

“…In the research it was found that in the experiments carried out by the German astronomer and Jesuit Christoph Scheinerque, in 1619, apud [1], with holes in a card, when observing the same object through different holes, different distances are perceived, corresponding to the intraocular lenses formed by dehydrated metabolic residue droplets [2]. That is, the card selects the image to be viewed in an overlay of images, which may be the astigmatism cause, in addition to myopia or hyperopia [3].…”