Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test values in maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Pressão intraocular e teste lacrimal de Schirmer em lobos-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus).]O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer dados de referên-cia sobre a produção lacrimal (STT-1) e pressão intraocular (PIO) em lobos-guará em cativeiro. Foram utilizados 10 lobos-guará, saudáveis e adultos. Os animais foram contidos com cambão e mordaça e mantidos em decúbito lateral esquerdo. O TLS foi realizado no terço médio da pálpebra inferior, durante um minuto. A córnea foi dessensibilizada e a PIO mensurada com tonopen. A média do TLS-1 dos olhos direitos e esquerdo foi 11±5mm/ min, não havendo diferença significativa entre os olhos (p=0,960). A média da PIO dos olhos direitos e esquerdo foi 20±6mmHg, não observando diferença entre os olhos direitos e esquerdos (p=0,836). Média STT-1 foi menor do que, e PIO foi o mesmo que os níveis normais em cães. Não houve diferença estatística na idade dos animais e valores STT-1 e da PIO. No presente trabalho, os níveis médios de guará STT-1 foram mais baixos em comparação com as observadas nos cães, enquanto que a pressão intraocular foi a mesma nos lobos guará como em cães. Devido ao aumento da incidência na prestação de cuidados de emergência para vítimas de lobos-guará atropelamentos e incêndios, determinar os valores de referência dos parâmetros oculares podem melhorar o diagnóstico correto e tratamento de doenças. The purpose of this study was to establish baseline data on lacrimal quantity (STT-1) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in captive maned wolves. Ten healthy adult maned wolves were contained with a snare pole and muzzle and kept in decubitus of the left side. STT-1 measurement was performed on the lateral third of the lower conjunctival sac for one minute. The cornea was desensitized and intraocular pressure was measured with an tonopen. Average STT-1 in both eyes was 11±5mm.min -1 , with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.960). Average IOP in both eyes was 20±6mmHg, with no statistical difference between the left and right eye (p=0.836). Average STT-1 was lower than, and IOP was the same as normal levels found in dogs. There was no statistical difference in the age of the animals, and STT-1 and IOP values. In the present paper, average maned wolf STT-1 levels were lower compared with those found in dogs, while the IOP was the same in maned wolves as in dogs. Due to the increased incidence in providing emergency care for maned wolf victims of road kill and fires, determination reference values of ocular parameters may improve the correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae)

“…Radinsky [40] writes in his study that the South African Painted Dogs has the same number of chromosomes and similar neuroanatomy as the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Unfortunately there are fewer studies concerning the exact orbit and eye anatomy or studies in the fied of veterinary opthalmology in canines of the Atelocynus, Cuon, Cerdocyon [21,41,42], Chrysocyon [41,43] Dusicyon, Lycalopex, Nyctereutes, Otocyon, Speothos, Urocyon, and Vulpes genus than of the Canis genus (and the Canis lupus familairis in particular). Hence, the presented results significantly expand the existing knowledge on comparative anatomy in the orbit, eye and chosen accessory organs in wild Canidae.…”

Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis (nasua nasua)

“…Schirmer tear test values for the ring‐tailed coati (2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min) are lower than what has been described for other carnivores, such as ferrets (5.31 ± 1.32 mm/min 8 and 7.4 ± 1.9 11 ), cats (17.00 mm/min), 18 dogs (20.20 ± 2.50 mm/min), 19 crab‐eating foxes (13.37 ± 0.94 mm/min), 20 and maned wolves (11.00 ± 5.00 mm/min) 21 . The small size of palpebral fissure length may have influenced the introduction of the STT strip on the conjunctival sac of the juveniles, leading to the low values found.…”

“…Applanation tonometry values have been established for other carnivores, such as ferrets (14.50 ± 3.27 mmHg), 8 crab‐eating foxes (10.43 ± 0.96 mmHg), 20 maned wolves (20.00 ± 6.00 mmHg), 21 and lions (23.90 ± 4.10 mmHg) 29 . Despite having the lowest STT of carnivores studied to date, the IOP values found for the ring‐tailed coati with TonoPen® XL (18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg) are higher than several other species.…”

Rescue and rehabilitation of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Paraguay: Case description

“…Comparing the results of the STT to the mentioned reports, the tear production matches that of both studies. The reports also mention that there was no significant difference between the left and right eye or between the sexes, but Carvalho et al (2020) found weak-to-moderate negative correlation between age and STT values, whereas Honsho et al (2016) found no correlations between tear test results and age trend. This difference, though, has to be studied further, with a greater number of animals.…”