Intraocular Pressure of Vitamin A-Deficient Holstein Male Calves

Woelfel, C. G.; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques; Kersting, E.J.; Nielsen, S. W.; Lucas, J.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(64)88743-9

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[13][14][15] Woelfel determined IOP in calves to be between 15 and 20 mmHg using indentation tonometry and Andrade reported IOP in adult cattle to be 18.8 (1.7) mmHg using the Perkins applanation tonometer. 24,25 However, Gum obtained higher IOP values in adult cattle, at 26.9 (6.7) mmHg, using the Ton-oPen-XL tonometer. 23 Discrepancies between these studies may be due to variations in age and instrumentation, both of which have been shown to influence IOP measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Schirmer tear test I and tonometry reference ranges are available for dogs, 3,5-8 cats, 4,9 horses, 3,7,10 rabbits, 11,12 and various other species. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] However, there is limited information published on tonometry in cattle, [23][24][25][26][27] with no reports describing use of the TonoVet â , and there is only one peer-reviewed report of STT I data for this species. 28 Although uncommon, both keratoconjunctivitis sicca and glaucoma have been described in cattle and, 29,30 for this reason, we describe STT I and TonoVet â values in healthy calves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results For both Schirmer tear test (STT) I and tonometry, significant differences were not found between fellow eyes (P = 0.1536 and P = 0.83, respectively). The mean (SD) STT I value of all eyes was 20.4 (5.0) mm/min (range, 9-34 mm/min) while the mean (SD) intraocular pressure (IOP) value of all eyes was 15.2 (5.2) mmHg (range,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Conclusions This study reports normal data for the STT I and rebound tonometry in calves.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Schirmer tear test I and rebound tonometry findings in healthy calves

Tofflemire

Whitley

Gould

et al. 2014

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Schirmer tear test I and rebound tonometry findings in healthy calves

Tofflemire

Whitley

Gould

et al. 2014

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Therefore, without these opposing pressures, the IOP recorded in the isolated pig eye is expected to be lower than the in vivo data. In fact, in a similar setup, the isolated bovine eye gave a lower IOP value of 9.4 mmHg (Wilson et al ., 1993) than that recorded in the calves, 16.5 mmHg (Woellfel et al ., 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic GMP, sodium nitroprusside and sodium azide reduce aqueous humour formation in the isolated arterially perfused pig eye

Shahidullah

Yap

2005

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on aqueous humour formation (AHF) and intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied using NO donors, sodium azide (AZ) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). 2 Using the porcine arterially perfused eye preparation, drug effects on AHF and IOP were measured by fluorescein dilution and manometry, respectively. Perfusion pressure of the ocular vasculature was also monitored using digital pressure transducer and pen recorder. 3 L-Arginine (1.0 mM), a precursor of NO, but not D-arginine (1.0 mM), the inactive analogue, produced a significant reduction in AHF (28.5%) and IOP (21.1%). L-NAME (L-nitro-L-arginine) (10-100 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor, had no effect on AHF and IOP. However, L-NAME (100 mM) completely reversed L-arginine's effect. 4 AZ and SNP reduced the AHF and IOP dose-dependently. AZ at 100 nM, 1 and 10 mM reduced AHF by 26.0, 39.7 and 51.7% and IOP by 10.8, 17.3 and 24.0%, respectively. SNP at 1, 10 and 100 mM reduced the AHF by 6.0, 24.2 and 35.4% and IOP by 3.5, 9.5 and 15.5%, respectively. 8-pCPT-cGMP (8-para-chlorophenyl-thioguanosine-3 0 ,5 0 -cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 10 mM), a cGMP analogue, also reduced the AHF (34.9%) and IOP (15.9%). 5 The effects of AZ and SNP on the AHF and IOP were blocked by a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (10 mM), whereas ODQ alone or combined with 8-pCPT-cGMP had no effect on the AHF and IOP. 6 None of the drugs had any significant effect on ocular vasculature. 7 The reduction of the AHF and IOP in the arterially perfused pig eye by nitrovasodilators is likely to involve the NO-cGMP pathway.

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“…However in the perfused eye model described, episcleral venous pressure (P e ) is either very close to, or equal to zero (27), and so the starting (pre-drug) IOP of 7 to 11 mmHg is less than the normal in vivo value of 16.5 6 1.6 mmHg in this species (52). Thus, the observed drop as a % of starting IOP is similar to that expected with the same drug administered topically to the eye in vivo, assuming a P e in the living animal of ,9 mmHg (52).…”

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confidence: 90%

Real-Time Direct Measurement of Nitric Oxide in Bovine Perfused Eye Trabecular Meshwork Using a Clark-Type Electrode

Jc¹

2003

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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NO was detected in bovine trabecular meshwork (TM). Bovine eyes were perfused (posterior ciliary artery). In some eyes (operated eyes) a NO electrode was inserted adjacent to the TM (scleral flap). Vascular perfusion/intraocular pressures (VPP/IOP) were recorded. In operated eyes, epinephrine (1 nM-100 microM) increased NO (maximally 979.9 +/- 117.6 nM, mean +/- SDM). Timolol (1 mM) shifted the epinephrine-NO concentration-response curve rightward (2.94 log units) without significantly changing the maximal response (903.0 +/- 67.7 nM, mean +/- SDM). The non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NMMA (100 microM) virtually abolished the NO response to epinephrine. L-NMMA alone (1 microM-100 microM) significantly reduced tonic NO generation (maximally 109.5 +/- 24.9 nM, mean +/- SDM), whereas timolol alone (1 microM-1 mM) had no effect. In unoperated eyes, epinephrine (1 nM-100 microM) reduced IOP (maximally 2.56 +/- 0.64 mmHg, mean +/- SDM). Epinephrine (100 microM) mildly increased VPP (4.6 +/- 1.3 mmHg, mean +/- SDM). Baseline aqueous humor formation rate (11.5 +/- 3.2 microl/min, mean +/- SDM) was unaffected. Effluent perfusate (effusate) total NO(2)(-) was determined by enzymatically reducing all NO(3)(-) to NO(2)(-), then assessing resultant NO(2)(-) (Griess assay). Epinephrine (1 nM-1 microM) increased effusate NO(2)(-) (maximally 15.8 +/- 4.9 microM, mean +/- SDM). Timolol (1 mM) reduced, and L-NMMA (100 microM) virtually abolished effusate NO(2)(-) response to epinephrine. L-NMMA alone (1 microM-100 microM) reduced tonic effusate NO(2)(-) (maximally from 5.8 +/- 1.6 microM to 1.1 +/- 0.9 microM, mean +/- SDM), whereas timolol alone (1 microM-1 mM) had no effect. NO is generated tonically in bovine TM and increases in response to epinephrine.

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Intraocular Pressure of Vitamin A-Deficient Holstein Male Calves

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Schirmer tear test I and rebound tonometry findings in healthy calves

Schirmer tear test I and rebound tonometry findings in healthy calves

Cyclic GMP, sodium nitroprusside and sodium azide reduce aqueous humour formation in the isolated arterially perfused pig eye

Real-Time Direct Measurement of Nitric Oxide in Bovine Perfused Eye Trabecular Meshwork Using a Clark-Type Electrode

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