Intraocular Tolerance of Perfluorooctylbromide (Perflubron)

Flores-Aguilar, Marisa; Munguia, David; Loeb, Ethan; Crapotta, Joseph A.; Vuong, Chau; Shakiba, Sima; Bergeron–Lynn, Germaine; Wiley, Clayton A.; Weers, Jeff; Freeman, William R.

doi:10.1097/00006982-199515010-00002

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, Flores described no adverse reaction in the retina after perfluorooctyl bromide tamponade for up to 6 months [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…These reports have in common, that vitreous removal was not complete and that no posterior vitreous detachment was achieved. The different experimental models used in experimental studies include mechanical vitrectomy removing as much vitreous as possible [8,9,19], or expanding gas compression of the vitreous followed by gas/PFCL exchange [4,6,15]. Similarly, small volumes of PFCLs were injected into unvitrectomized eyes [4,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of gravity in long-term vitreous tamponade: in vivo investigation using perfluorocarbon liquids and semi-fluorinated alkanes

Mackiewicz

Maaijwee

Lüke

et al. 2006

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Similarly, Flores described no adverse reaction in the retina after perfluorooctyl bromide tamponade for up to 6 months [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gravity in long-term vitreous tamponade: in vivo investigation using perfluorocarbon liquids and semi-fluorinated alkanes

Mackiewicz

Maaijwee

Lüke

et al. 2006

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Velikay et al [32] compared the histological effect of perfluorodecalin and perfluorooctylbromide on the retina and described similar lesions in the outer retinal layers after 1 and 2 weeks, more pronounced in perfluorooctylbromidefilled eyes. Flores et al [14] observed no adverse reactions in the retina after perfluorooctylbromide exchange up to 6 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The better tolerance of highly purified substances has been shown clearly in animal experiments [31,32], but the effect of the weight of perfluorocarbon liquids has never been discussed. To date, complete vitreous exchange was aimed for in all reported studies on experimental perfluorocarbon testing [4,8,10,12,14,24,25,30,31,32]. DOI 10.1007/s00417-004-0916-9 The present study was set up to evaluate histologically the role of the specific gravity of heavy perfluorocarbon liquids, exemplified by perfluorophenanthrene (PFPH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of specific gravity of perfluorocarbon liquid on the retina after experimental vitreous substitution

Stolba

Krepler

Velikay-Parel

et al. 2004

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…After being anesthetized as described above, the animals were euthanized with an intracardiac injection of 1.0 ml of pentobarbital sodium (390 mg/ml). Both eyes underwent triple fixation as previously described (6,10,31). The selected calottes were vertically sectioned through the optic nerve-inferior retina, which was prepared for thin-section light microscopy and electron microscopy.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of retinal toxicity and efficacy of the anticytomegalovirus compound 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine

Besen

Paz

Tatebayashi

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Compound 2242, also known as 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine, is the first known antivirally active nucleoside analog with the side chain substituted at the N-7 position of the purine ring system. Our purpose was to evaluate its retinal toxicity and assess the efficacy of its highest nontoxic concentration in a rabbit model of herpes simplex retinitis. Concentrations of the drug from 0.5 to 2,000 M were injected intravitreally in twelve New Zealand White rabbits. Fundoscopic, histologic, and electrophysiologic data revealed no evidence of toxicity even at the highest dose of the compound. Dutch pigmented rabbits (n ‫؍‬ 34) had their left eyes injected with herpes simplex virus type 1 3 days after, concurrently, or 3 days before intravitreal injection of either 2,000 M compound 2242 or 480 M ganciclovir (final concentration in the eye). Both compound 2242 and ganciclovir were equally effective compared with saline when administered simultaneously with the virus (P < 0.0001). In the 3-day pretreatment paradigm, compound 2242 was superior to ganciclovir (P < 0.04), but there was no clear difference between the two with regard to their effects on an established infection. The pharmacokinetics of compound 2242 in 10 rabbits injected intravitreally with 30 M showed an intravitreal half-life of 8 h. This compound, which may be orally active in its pro form, has a very high therapeutic index in the eye and is more efficient than ganciclovir in this animal model of herpes retinitis.Administration of ganciclovir or foscarnet is a useful treatment for patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (8,16,18,28). However, both drugs can cause serious systemic toxicity, and during therapy with either drug, clinically resistant retinitis may develop in a significant proportion of these patients (9). For some patients, a change from one drug to the other does not ameliorate the retinitis, and combination therapy must also be used (22). Local intraocular antiviral therapy has been widely used for patients unable to tolerate systemic therapy (2,4,5,14,17,32). Unfortunately, both ganciclovir and foscarnet have short intravitreal half-lives and durations of action, making weekly injections necessary, with all the risks associated with frequent procedures (11,30). A recently developed intravitreal ganciclovir implant is capable of releasing ganciclovir for up to 8 months, but surgery with potential complications is required, and experience with the use of the device is quite limited (1,24,29). Although the systemic role of CMV is not yet clear, another concern with local therapy is that it does not treat possible clinically inapparent infection with CMV. In addition, strains of the virus resistant to both drugs have been isolated (7, 21). A continuing need for an orally administered drug for the management of CMV retinitis exists, and a safe intravitreal compound that would allow for the control of retinitis with infrequent injections is required.Since the discovery of the selective antiherpes action of acyclovir, a...

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Intraocular Tolerance of Perfluorooctylbromide (Perflubron)

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of gravity in long-term vitreous tamponade: in vivo investigation using perfluorocarbon liquids and semi-fluorinated alkanes

Effect of gravity in long-term vitreous tamponade: in vivo investigation using perfluorocarbon liquids and semi-fluorinated alkanes

The effect of specific gravity of perfluorocarbon liquid on the retina after experimental vitreous substitution

Evaluation of retinal toxicity and efficacy of the anticytomegalovirus compound 2-amino-7-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]purine

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