Intraoperative Infusion Therapy in Newborns

Abstract

Intraoperative infusion in newborns and premature infants is a very important part of anesthesia, which affects the course and long-term results of the surgical treatment. The purpose of the infusion therapy in these children is to maintain normovolemia, adequate oxygen supply to tissues, normalization of the acid-base state, electrolyte balance and normoglycemia. In most cases, the maintenance of hemodynamics in newborns and premature infants requires the use of large amounts of crystalloid preparations, which in turn, due to their physical and chemical properties, lead to additional changes in the neurohumoral status of the child. Therefore, at the present stage of anesthesiology more and more works are devoted to the experience of using balanced solutions containing carriers of reserve alkalinity. The influence of such solutions on the electrolyte balance and acid-base state is evaluated. A separate issue is concerned with the intraoperative need for glucose in newborn infants, the dosing of glucose in anesthesia, and the percentage of glucose in the solutions used. Correction of all pathophysiological disorders inevitably occurring in the immature body of a newborn, especially a premature baby, is the most important factor for achieving the optimal therapeutic effect.