Intraoperative ultrasound in spine surgery: history, current applications, future developments

Ganau, Mario; Syrmos, Nikolaos; Martín, Allan; Jiang, Fan; Fehlings, Michael G.

doi:10.21037/qims.2018.04.02

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…can be used as a viable complement for spinal dysraphisms, degenerative and neoplastic spinal pathologies, including tethered cord, minimally invasive interbody fusion, and surgery for intradural tumors. [38][39][40] The major drawback of designing a single centre clinical trial with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria is that such research approach necessarily narrows down the number of potential candidates at time of patient selection. Additionally, if eligible patients prefer not to be enrolled and opt instead for what is considered to be the standard of care, then it is difficult to rule out the influence of a possible selection bias on the results obtained in both the treatment and control arms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Percutaneous Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Sequestrectomy: A Modern Strategy to Tackle Medically-Refractory Radiculopathies and Restore Spinal Function

et al. 2019

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Objective: Angled scopes allow 360° visualization, which makes percutaneous endoscopic techniques (percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD) particularly attractive for sequestrectomies, which entail the removal of extruded lumbar disc fragments that have migrated caudally or cranially between the ligaments, foramina, and neural structures, while preserving the disc. Although many different PELD techniques are currently available, not all of them are suitable for sequestrectomies; furthermore, long-term follow-up data are unfortunately lacking. Methods: A pilot study was conducted on a cohort of 270 patients with lumbar radiculopathy undergoing minimally invasive spine surgery (PELD or microdiscectomy), of whom only 7 were eligible for endoscopic interlaminar sequestrectomy with disc preservation. The patients' baseline conditions and clinical outcomes were measured with the Oswestry Disability Index and a visual analogue scale. Long-term follow-up was conducted using satisfaction questionnaires that were based on the MacNab criteria and administered by medical/nursing personnel not involved in their primary surgical management. Results: EasyGo system was eventually used in 5 PELD cases. No dural tears, infections, or nerve root injuries were recorded in patients undergoing sequestrectomy. Surgical events, including blood loss and overall length of hospital stay, did not differ significantly among the 270 patients. In the group treated with endoscopic sequestrectomy, no recurrences or complications were noted during a follow-up of 3 years, and an excellent degree of satisfaction was reported. Conclusion: We provide OCEBM (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) level 3 evidence that interlaminar endoscopic sequestrectomy is a tailored and well-tolerated surgical option; nonetheless, a cost-effectiveness analysis assessing the interval until return to working activities and long-term benefits is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Percutaneous Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Sequestrectomy: A Modern Strategy to Tackle Medically-Refractory Radiculopathies and Restore Spinal Function

et al. 2019

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“…More importantly, due to ongoing pregnancy, we wanted to keep the duration of general anaesthesia to an absolute minimum. Intraoperative exposure to ionising radiations should obviously be minimised as much as possible, hence the need to leverage on real-time intraoperative ultrasound for guidance during resection of tumour [ 21 – 23 ]. One last aspect is the importance of perioperative mechanical thromboprophylaxis as shown in several clinical trials conducted in neurosurgical settings [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Challenges of Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression in Pregnancy

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Ganau

et al. 2020

Case Reports in Surgery

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Primary and secondary spinal tumours with cord compression often represent a challenging condition for the patient and clinicians alike, even more so during pregnancy. The balance between safe delivery of a healthy baby and management of the mother’s disease bears many clinical, psychological, and ethical dilemmas. Pregnancy sets a conflict between the optimal surgical and oncological managements of the mother’s tumour and the well-being of her foetus. We followed the CARE guidelines from the EQUATOR Network to report an exemplificative case of a 39-year-old woman with a 10-year history of breast cancer, presenting in the second trimester of her first pregnancy with acute onset severe thoracic spinal instability, causing mechanical pain and weakness in lower limbs. Neuroradiological investigations revealed multilevel spinal deposits with a pathological T10 fracture responsible for spinal cord compression. The patient was adamant that she wanted a continuation of the pregnancy and her baby delivered. After discussion with her oncologist and obstetrician, we agreed to perform emergency spinal surgery—decompression and instrumented fixation. The literature search did not reveal a similar case of spinal metastatic breast cancer undergoing spinal instrumentation and delivery of a healthy baby a few months later. Following the delivery, the patient had further oncological treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The paucity of such reports prompted us to present this case and highlight the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach involving obstetrician, oncologist, spinal surgeon, and radiologist to guide the optimal decision-making process.

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“…For intraoperative monitoring, it could be combined with established technologies, for example, intraoperative ultrasound. 55 …”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For intraoperative monitoring, it could be combined with established technologies, for example, intraoperative ultrasound. 55 Methodological issues II: the evaluation of SCPP with CSFP The evaluation of spinal cord perfusion is challenging. Due to the thin calibre of the widely distributed spinal vessels, conventional strategies, to assess perfusion, such as MR-/ CT-angiography and neurovascular ultrasound, are not applicable.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol for an observational study of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy undergoing surgical deCOMPression of the spinal CORD: the COMP-CORD study

et al. 2020

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IntroductionDegenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a disabling spinal disorder characterised by sensorimotor deficits of upper and lower limbs, neurogenic bladder dysfunction and neuropathic pain. When suspected, cervical MRI helps to reveal spinal cord compression and rules out alternative diagnoses. However, the correlation between radiological findings and symptoms is weak. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) analysis may complement the appreciation of cord compression and be used for intraoperative and postoperative monitorings in patients undergoing surgical decompression.Methods and analysisTwenty patients diagnosed with DCM undergoing surgical decompression will receive standardised lumbar CSFP monitoring immediately before, during and 24 hours after operation. Rest (ie, opening pressure, CSF pulsation) and stimulated (ie, Valsalva, Queckenstedt’s) CSFP—findings in DCM will be compared with 20 controls and results from CSFP monitoring will be related to clinical and neurophysiological findings. Arterial blood pressure will be recorded perioperatively and postoperatively to calculate spinal cord perfusion pressure and spinal vascular reactivity index. Furthermore, measures of CSFP will be compared with markers of spinal cord compression by means of MR imaging.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol conformed to the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Zurich (KEK-ZH number PB-2016-00623). The main publications from this study will cover the CSFP fluid dynamics and pressure analysis preoperative, perioperative and postoperative correlated with imaging, clinical scores and neurophysiology. Other publications will deal with preoperative and postoperative spinal perfusion. Furthermore, we will disseminate an analysis on waveform morphology and the correlation with blood pressure and ECG. Parts of the data will be used for computational modelling of cervical stenosis.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02170155).

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Intraoperative ultrasound in spine surgery: history, current applications, future developments

Cited by 64 publications

References 53 publications

A Pilot Study of Percutaneous Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Sequestrectomy: A Modern Strategy to Tackle Medically-Refractory Radiculopathies and Restore Spinal Function

A Pilot Study of Percutaneous Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Sequestrectomy: A Modern Strategy to Tackle Medically-Refractory Radiculopathies and Restore Spinal Function

Management Challenges of Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression in Pregnancy

Study protocol for an observational study of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy undergoing surgical deCOMPression of the spinal CORD: the COMP-CORD study

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