Intraparticle diffusion model to determine the intrinsic kinetics of ethyl levulinate synthesis promoted by Amberlyst-15

Russo, Vincenzo; Rossano, Carmelina; Salucci, Emiliano; Tesser, Riccardo; Salmi, Tapio; Serio, Martino Di

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.115974

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The evaluation of the diffusion coefficient (D i ) of the various components was carried out in accordance with the Wilke and Chang equation for liquid systems [ 28 ]:

where V i represents the molar volume at the normal boiling point (cm 3 /mol), calculated through the inverse of Equation (14), and µ mix is the viscosity of the reaction mixture (cP). The term ϕ is defined as association factor and depends on the nature of the chemical component (ϕ LA = ϕ EtLA = 1.0, ϕ Et = 1.5 and ϕ H 2 O = 2.6).…”

Section: Developing Of Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term ϕ is defined as association factor and depends on the nature of the chemical component (ϕ LA = ϕ EtLA = 1.0, ϕ Et = 1.5 and ϕ H 2 O = 2.6). The ϕM i was therefore obtained for each component according to the Equation (16):

where

is a molar fraction, in each step, determined for three components, using the i-th component and varying the j factor [ 28 ]. The temperature dependence on the viscosity was hence evaluated for each single component present in the reaction system, based on the empirical expression retrieved from the CHEMCAD database [ 29 ].…”

Section: Developing Of Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coefficients of Equation ( 14) for each component are reported in Table 4. The evaluation of the diffusion coefficient (D i ) of the various components was carried out in accordance with the Wilke and Chang equation for liquid systems [28]:…”

Section: Chemical-physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where x j i is a molar fraction, in each step, determined for three components, using the i-th component and varying the j factor [28]. The temperature dependence on the viscosity was Membranes 2021, 11, 635 6 of 14 hence evaluated for each single component present in the reaction system, based on the empirical expression retrieved from the CHEMCAD database [29].…”

Section: Chemical-physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Theoretical Analysis on a Multi-Bed Pervaporation Membrane Reactor during Levulinic Acid Esterification Using the Computational Fluid Dynamic Method

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pervaporation is a peculiar membrane separation process, which is considered for integration with a variety of reactions in promising new applications. Pervaporation membrane reactors have some specific uses in sustainable chemistry, such as the esterification processes. This theoretical study based on the computational fluid dynamics method aims to evaluate the performance of a multi-bed pervaporation membrane reactor (including poly (vinyl alcohol) membrane) to produce ethyl levulinate as a significant fuel additive, coming from the esterification of levulinic acid. For comparison, an equivalent multi-bed traditional reactor is also studied at the same operating conditions of the aforementioned pervaporation membrane reactor. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed and validated by experimental literature data. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading, feed molar ratio, and feed flow rate on the reactor’s performance in terms of levulinic acid conversion and water removal were hence studied. The simulations indicated that the multi-bed pervaporation membrane reactor results to be the best solution over the multi-bed traditional reactor, presenting the best simulation results at 343 K, 2 bar, catalyst loading 8.6 g, feed flow rate 7 mm3/s, and feed molar ratio 3 with levulinic acid conversion equal to 95.3% and 91.1% water removal.

show abstract

“…The evaluation of the diffusion coefficient (D i ) of the various components was carried out in accordance with the Wilke and Chang equation for liquid systems [ 28 ]:

Section: Developing Of Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

where

Section: Developing Of Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical-physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical-physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Theoretical Analysis on a Multi-Bed Pervaporation Membrane Reactor during Levulinic Acid Esterification Using the Computational Fluid Dynamic Method

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Not long ago, Fernandes et al [11] published an interesting paper in which the performance of zeolites, sulphated metal oxides, and a commercial cationic exchange resin, amberlyst-15, were compared, finding that ion exchange resins are surely good candidates. Very recently, Processes 2021, 9, 1684 2 of 14 Amberlyst-15 and Amberlite IR-120 were proven to be very active heterogeneous catalysts, showing no signs of deactivation after 100 h of reuse [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Chromatography Applied to Ethyl Levulinate Synthesis: A Proof of Concept

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Levulinic acid (LA) has been highlighted as one of the most promising platform chemicals, providing a wide range of possible derivatizations to value-added chemicals as the ethyl levulinate obtained through an acid catalyzed esterification reaction with ethanol that has found application in the bio-fuel market. Being a reversible reaction, the main drawback is the production of water that does not allow full conversion of levulinic acid. The aim of this work was to prove that the chromatographic reactor technology, in which the solid material of the packed bed acts both as stationary phase and catalyst, is surely a valid option to overcome such an issue by overcoming the thermodynamic equilibrium. The experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed chromatographic reactor, packed with Dowex 50WX-8 as ion exchange resin. Different operational conditions were varied (e.g., temperature and flow rate), pulsing levulinic acid to the ethanol stream, to investigate the main effects on the final conversion and separation efficiency of the system. The effects were described qualitatively, demonstrating that working at sufficiently low flow rates, LA was completely converted, while at moderate flow rates, only a partial conversion was achieved. The system worked properly even at room temperature (303 K), where LA was completely converted, an encouraging result as esterification reactions are normally performed at higher temperatures.

show abstract

Process optimization for enzymatic production of a valuable biomass-based ester from levulinic acid

Cambraia¹,

Barbosa²,

Soares³

et al. 2022

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intraparticle diffusion model to determine the intrinsic kinetics of ethyl levulinate synthesis promoted by Amberlyst-15

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

A Theoretical Analysis on a Multi-Bed Pervaporation Membrane Reactor during Levulinic Acid Esterification Using the Computational Fluid Dynamic Method

A Theoretical Analysis on a Multi-Bed Pervaporation Membrane Reactor during Levulinic Acid Esterification Using the Computational Fluid Dynamic Method

Reactive Chromatography Applied to Ethyl Levulinate Synthesis: A Proof of Concept

Process optimization for enzymatic production of a valuable biomass-based ester from levulinic acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About