Intraspecific host discrimination and larval competition inMicroplitis croceipes, Microplitis demolitor, Cotesia kazak (Hym.: Braconidae) andHyposoter didymator (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), parasitoids ofHeliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae)

Tillman, P. Glynn; Powell, Janine E.

doi:10.1007/bf02372422

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Interestingly, in the laboratory, C. sonorensis readily attacks and develops in another sympatric Nearctic noctuid, C. (Pseudoplusia) includens, whereas this association has not been reported from the field (Harvey & Strand, 2002). The ecology of H. didymator is poorly known, which is surprising, considered that this parasitoid has, in addition to its physiology, been widely studied for the purposes of classical biological control (Mironidis & Savopoulou-Soultani, 2009;Tillman & Powell, 1992). In Europe, its primary hosts are C. chalcites and L. oleracea, all of which are strongly sympatric (Reudler-Talsma et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of ecological fitting, phylogeny and physiological equivalence in understanding realized and fundamental host ranges in endoparasitoid wasps

Harvey

Embún

Bukovinszky

et al. 2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Co-evolutionary theory underpins our understanding of interactions in nature involving plant-herbivore and host-parasite interactions. However, many studies that are published in the empirical literature that have explored life history and development strategies between endoparasitoid wasps and their hosts are based on species that have no evolutionary history with one another. Here, we investigated novel associations involving two closely related solitary endoparasitoids that originate from Europe and North America and several of their natural and factitious hosts from both continents. The natural hosts of both species are also closely related, all being members of the same family. We compared development and survival of both parasitoids on the four host species and predicted that parasitoid performance is better on their own natural hosts. In contrast with this expectation, survival, adult size and development time of both parasitoids were similar on all (with one exception) hosts, irrespective as to their geographic origin. Our results show that phylogenetic affinity among the natural and factitious hosts plays an important role in their nutritional suitability for related parasitoids. Evolved traits in parasitoids, such as immune suppression and development, thus enable them to successfully develop in novel host species with which they have no evolutionary history. Our results show that host suitability for specialized organisms like endoparasitoids is closely linked with phylogenetic history and macro-evolution as well as local adaptation and micro-evolution. We argue that the importance of novel interactions and 'ecological fitting' based on phylogeny is a greatly underappreciated concept in many resource-consumer studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of ecological fitting, phylogeny and physiological equivalence in understanding realized and fundamental host ranges in endoparasitoid wasps

Harvey

Embún

Bukovinszky

et al. 2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…In situations of superparasitism, the age and developmental stage of the first immature parasitoid present on or in a host influence the fitness of the second parasitizing female (Mackauer, 1990;Tillman & Powell, 1992;Marris & Casperd, 1996;Ueno, 1999;Islam & Copland, 2000), especially in solitary species. This should favor evolution of the ability to assess the age of the competitor on a parasitized host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situations where superparasitism is adaptive, the ability to choose from parasitized hosts those that offer the best survival probability to the progeny could be an advantageous trait. This probability frequently depends on the age (i.e., the developmental stage) of the first parasitoid present in or on the host (Mackauer, 1990;Tillman & Powell, 1992;Ueno, 1999;Islam & Copland, 2000). Thus, the ability to use cues that are correlated with the time elapsed since the first parasitism could provide parasitoids with a strong selective advantage by allowing them to select their hosts more efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of expected offspring survival probability on host selection in a solitary parasitoid

Goubault

Plantegenest²,

Poinsot

et al. 2003

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Optimal Foraging Theory predicts that parasitoid females should optimize their host selection to maximize their lifetime fitness gain and parasitize the most profitable hosts. In particular, in solitary parasitoids, females should avoid superparasitism, at least when sufficient unparasitized hosts are available. However, when unparasitized hosts are scarce, they should prefer, among already parasitized hosts, those that provide the best survival probability to their progeny, which depends on the age and the developmental stage of the first parasitoid. To test this hypothesis in a solitary ectoparasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), we first assessed the survival probability of a second parasitoid according to the time elapsed since initial parasitism. We then analyzed the female selection behavior in patches containing a mixture of hosts parasitized over various time intervals. Our results showed that the older the opponent larva was, the lower the survival probability of the second parasitoid was. However, when the first individual had reached the prepupal stage, both individuals could complete their development. At this stage, the survival probability of the second parasitoid was surprisingly high but such individuals were reduced in size. Our study also showed that host acceptance by females was strongly correlated with the survival probability of their progeny when the first parasitoid was from 0 to less than 10 days‐old. When the first parasitoid had reached the prepupal stage, females usually rejected these hosts, although the survival probability of the offspring was quite high. This discordance between female host selection behavior and progeny survival probability is discussed.

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“…The level of competition for control of the host may become intense in situations where suitable hosts are scarce or numbers of parasitoids are high (Schoener, ). In most cases, this “tug‐of‐war” for host possession leads to the exclusion of one of the species involved (Tillman and Powell, ; Tamo et al., ; Yamamoto et al., ; Harvey et al., ; Cusumano et al., ). However, a few studies have reported that two different species share the resources in a single individual host and both survive to adult eclosion (Marktl et al., ; Sallam et al., ; Magdaraog et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wasp‐associated Factors Act in Interspecies Competition During Multiparasitism

Magdaraog

Tanaka

Harvey

2016

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Coexistence or displacement of parasitoids in hosts during intrinsic competitive interactions between different parasitoid species (multiparasitism) may depend on their life history traits and behavior. Intense competition for possession of hosts may lead to the elimination of the inferior competitor through physical attack and/or physiological suppression. However, the mechanisms of physiological suppression during multiparasitism remain unclear. Previous work has shown that first instar larvae of the solitary endoparasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis possess well-developed mandibles that are used to kill competitors. Two gregarious endoparasitoids, Cotesia kariyai and C. rufricus, share host resources especially when the time gap of oviposition is short. Here, we investigated the physiological influence of wasp-regulatory factors of the three endoparasitoids, M. pulchricornis, C. kariyai, and C. ruficrus, in their common host Mythimna separata. We found that MpVLP alone (or with venom) deleteriously affected the development of the two gregarious species. Similarly, CkPDV plus venom had toxic effect on M. pulchricornis eggs and immature larvae, although they were not harmful to immature stages of C. ruficrus. Cotesia kariyai and C. ruficrus were able to coexist mainly through the expression of regulatory factors and both could successfully emerge from a multiparasitized host. The injection of CkPDV plus venom after oviposition in L5 host larvae facilitated C. ruficrus development and increased the rate of successful parasitism from 9% to 62%. This suggests that the two gregarious parasitoid wasps exhibit strong phylogenetic affinity, favoring their coexistence and success in multiparasitized hosts.

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Intraspecific host discrimination and larval competition inMicroplitis croceipes, Microplitis demolitor, Cotesia kazak (Hym.: Braconidae) andHyposoter didymator (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), parasitoids ofHeliothis virescens (Lep.: Noctuidae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

The roles of ecological fitting, phylogeny and physiological equivalence in understanding realized and fundamental host ranges in endoparasitoid wasps

The roles of ecological fitting, phylogeny and physiological equivalence in understanding realized and fundamental host ranges in endoparasitoid wasps

Effect of expected offspring survival probability on host selection in a solitary parasitoid

Wasp‐associated Factors Act in Interspecies Competition During Multiparasitism

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