Intraspecific variation in gender strategies in <i>Lycium</i> (Solanaceae): Associations with ploidy and changes in floral form following the evolution of gender dimorphism

Blank, Caitlin M.; Levin, Rachel A.; Miller, Jill S.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400356

Cited by 15 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Given the high frequency with which dioecy evolves relative to self-incompatibility, this latter possibility is quite likely and has been well appreciated, for example, in the analysis and interpretation of the high frequency of dioecy in Hawaii (Sakai et al, 1995). Such evolutionary transitions to dioecy in self-compatible (SC) colonists are perhaps analogous to the evolution of dioecy following the loss of self-incompatibility in previously hermaphrodite lineages upon polyploidization (Miller & Venable, 2000;Pannell et al, 2004;Yeung et al, 2005;Blank et al, 2014). Indeed, both the origin of a new island lineage following long-distance dispersal and the origin of a new ploidy level can be viewed as 'accidental' events that break a connection with a parental population and facilitate adaptive evolution within a new (genetic or ecological) context.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scope of Baker's law

et al. 2015

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656I. 657II. 658III. 660IV. 661V. 663VI. 663VII. 664VIII. 664 665 References 665 Summary Baker's law refers to the tendency for species that establish on islands by long‐distance dispersal to show an increased capacity for self‐fertilization because of the advantage of self‐compatibility when colonizing new habitat. Despite its intuitive appeal and broad empirical support, it has received substantial criticism over the years since it was proclaimed in the 1950s, not least because it seemed to be contradicted by the high frequency of dioecy on islands. Recent theoretical work has again questioned the generality and scope of Baker's law. Here, we attempt to discern where the idea is useful to apply and where it is not. We conclude that several of the perceived problems with Baker's law fall away when a narrower perspective is adopted on how it should be circumscribed. We emphasize that Baker's law should be read in terms of an enrichment of a capacity for uniparental reproduction in colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates. We suggest that Baker's law might be tested in four different contexts, which set the breadth of its scope: the colonization of oceanic islands, metapopulation dynamics with recurrent colonization, range expansions with recurrent colonization, and colonization through species invasions.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scope of Baker's law

et al. 2015

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“…In fact, female flowers are almost always smaller than hermaphrodite flowers (reviewed in Delph, 1996 andShykoff et al, 2003;e.g. Bai et al, 2011;Barr and Fishman, 2011;Cuevas and López, 2011;Griffin and Byers, 2012;Blank et al, 2014;Cuevas et al, 2014) and/or they produce less nectar and pollen, leading to lower pollinator visitation rates (Delph, 1996;Ashman, 2000;Bai et al, 2011). On the other hand, the smaller size and number of flowers of female plants may also render them less attractive to enemies like florivores or seed herbivores, leading to a relatively higher seed output in females than hermaphrodites (Marshall and Ganders, 2001;Ashman, 2002;Asikainen and Mutikainen, 2005a;Collin and Shykoff, 2009;Clarke and Brody, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum

Elzinga

Varga

2017

Flora

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Please cite this article as: Elzinga, Jelmer A., Varga, Sandra, Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum.Flora http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora. 2016.11.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Our results show that stigma lifespan is almost twice as long in females as in hermaphrodites and intermediate plants. Also flower lifespan is longest in females. We discuss the potential mechanisms through which an increased floral lifespan can lead to a female advantage despite the generally lower pollinator visitation rates observed in females by reviewing available studies. Our study shows that increased floral persistence in females can be an important aspect in the maintenance of females in gynodioecious plants and should be taken into account as a potential proximate cause for a female advantage.

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“…Miller & Venable () suggested that in Lycium polyploidy and gender dimorphism have evolved in concert (see also Ashman & al., ). However, recently, in L. carolinianum (Blank & al., ) dimorphism was not perfectly correlated with a higher ploidy level. As karyotypes of polyploids are difficult to make because homologous pairs are quite similar, there are no data to compare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chromosome evolution in the cosmopolitan genus Lycium (Solanaceae)

Stiefkens

Peñas

Levin

et al. 2020

TAXON

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Lycium is the only member of tribe Lycieae (Solanoideae, Solanaceae), and it has a cosmopolitan distribution with its greatest diversity in southern South America, southern Africa, and southwestern North America. To date, there has been no attempt to synthesize and evaluate the significance of the available cytogenetical data from a phylogenetic perspective, which is the objective of this study. Firstly, new data on 27 taxa from all its range of distribution (FISH in all of them, banding in 23, Feulgen technique in 14) were provided to fill gaps in the information. The chromosome numbers of L. australe, L. humile, and L. repens were recorded for the first time. Species showed x = 12 with different ploidy levels (mostly diploid or tetraploid), small chromosomes, and symmetrical karyotypes. Lycium fremontii and L. repens were outstanding for having the highest numbers reported for the genus: 10x and 11x, respectively. North American species showed comparatively longer chromosomes. Secondly, cytogenetical traits were mapped on a phylogenetic tree, using character mapping and ancestral states reconstruction, to understand the dynamics of the evolutionary changes. The main cytotaxonomical features were included: chromosome number, presence of polyploidy, total length of the haploid chromosome set, mean chromosome length, karyotype formula, A 1 and A 2 asymmetry indices, percentage of heterochromatin, number of CMA + /DAPI − NORs bands, and number and position of 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S sites. The mean chromosome length, total haploid chromosome length, number of 18S-5.8S-26S loci, number of CMA + /DAPI − NORs bands underwent comparatively few transitions compared with the ploidy level and number of 5S loci. The mapping of the characters on the phylogenetic tree showed that the most probable ancestral chromosome number was 2n = 24 with several independent polyploidization events and one pair of each rDNA locus. The most likely ancestral condition for the genus would be: diploid, with small chromosomes, scarce heterochromatin, asynteny of rDNA loci, and one pair of both 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S loci.

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Intraspecific variation in gender strategies in Lycium (Solanaceae): Associations with ploidy and changes in floral form following the evolution of gender dimorphism

Cited by 15 publications

References 73 publications

The scope of Baker's law

The scope of Baker's law

Prolonged stigma and flower lifespan in females of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum

Chromosome evolution in the cosmopolitan genus Lycium (Solanaceae)

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