Intraurban variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in an Eastern Mediterranean city

Massoud, Radwan; Shihadeh, Alan; Roumié, M.; Youness, Myriam; Gérard, Jocelyne Adjizian; Saliba, Nada; Zaarour, Rita; Abboud, Maher; Farah, Wehbeh; Saliba, Najat A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.05.019

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In addition, high levels of particulate matter, PM 10 and PM 2.5 , were obtained with annual concentrations of 64 and 20 µg m −3 respectively (Massoud et al, 2011), exceeding WHO guideline values of 20 and 10 µg m −3 . Although these measurements provide valuable information on air pollution, they are scarce and limited to a few pollutants.…”

Section: T Salameh Et Al: Source Apportionment Vs Emission Inventomentioning

confidence: 97%

Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We applied the positive matrix factorization model to two large data sets collected during two intensive measurement campaigns (summer 2011 and winter 2012) at a suburban site in Beirut, Lebanon, in order to identify NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) sources and quantify their contribution to ambient levels. Six factors were identified in winter and five factors in summer. PMF-resolved source profiles were consistent with source profiles established by near-field measurements. The major sources were traffic-related emissions (combustion and gasoline evaporation) in winter and in summer accounting for 51 and 74 wt %, respectively, in agreement with the national emission inventory. The gasoline evaporation related to traffic source had a significant contribution regardless of the season (22 wt % in winter and 30 wt % in summer). The NMHC emissions from road transport are estimated from observations and PMF results, and compared to local and global emission inventories. The PMF analysis finds reasonable differences on emission rates, of 20-39 % higher than the national road transport inventory. However, global inventories (ACCMIP, EDGAR, MACCity) underestimate the emissions up to a factor of 10 for the transportation sector. When combining emission inventory to our results, there is strong evidence that control measures in Lebanon should be targeted on mitigating the NMHC emissions from the traffic-related sources. From a global perspective, an assessment of VOC (volatile organic compounds) anthropogenic emission inventories for the Middle East region as a whole seems necessary as these emissions could be much higher than expected at least from the road transport sector.

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Section: T Salameh Et Al: Source Apportionment Vs Emission Inventomentioning

confidence: 97%

Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives

et al. 2016

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“…The value of CD ranges from 0 to 1 with smaller values representing higher similarities. In previous works, a CD of 0.2 was used as the threshold separating homogenous and heterogeneous spatial difference (Massoud et al, 2011). 9.4 ± 5.7 3.7 ± 3.0 4.1 ± 2.6 14.2 ± 8.1 2.7 ± 1.6…”

Section: Characteristics Of Pm 25 Chemical Composition Overview Of Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 and its Impact on Visibility in Guangzhou, Southern China

Wang

Zhou

Cohen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A one-year field experiment was conducted in 2013 at an urban and suburban site in Guangzhou, Southern China to study the chemical compositions of PM 2.5 and reconstruct the IMPROVE Algorithm to investigate the impact of aerosol components on visibility. Annual average PM 2.5 mass concentration was 61.3 ± 27.6 and 54.2 ± 29.7 µg m -3 at the urban and suburban site, with organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO 4 2-), and nitrate (NO 3 -) among the dominant components, accounting for 40.3%, 16.3%, and 8.0% of the PM 2.5 mass concentration respectively. Based on the modified IMPROVE Algorithm, the localized Mass Scattering Efficiencies (MSE) for sulfate and nitrate was obtained, with values of 2.16 ± 0.34 m 2 g -1 and 2.63 ± 0.66 m 2 g -1 at urban site and 2.22 ± 0.31 m 2 g -1 and 2.76 ± 0.84 m 2 g -1 at suburban site. Hygroscopic growth factors (G f ) for OM and EC were also taken into consideration with average values of 1.28 ± 0.13 m 2 g -1 and 1.15 ± 0.11 m 2 g -1 at the urban site and 1.18 ± 0.09 m 2 g -1 and 1.10 ± 0.09 m 2 g -1 at the suburban site. The estimated total light extinction coefficient was 294.7 ± 106.9 and 255.8 ± 119.0 Mm -1 at the urban and suburban site, with OM, SO 4 2-and NO 3 -contributing 41.7%, 16.5% and 11.5% at the urban site, and 42.1%, 21.3% and 9.1% at the suburban site. Secondary water-soluble ions and OM as a whole was becoming increasingly vital under polluted conditions, with nitrate in particular being more important under heavily polluted conditions in Guangzhou.

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“…Some studies have estimated the contribution of TRAP to PM concentrations to be more than 50% in urban areas [113,114]. In fact, vehicle-induced emissions constitute a growing problem in this region due to the increase in traffic volume in the last decades [45,68,80,81,83,115,116] and a large number of old vehicles combined with poor vehicle maintenance [117]. High levels of PM constitute a major public health concern in the affected countries and in the Middle East.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation is further aggravated by the rapid growth of population, the old-aged vehicles operating on gasoline, and the lack of a public transport system [45, [80][81][82][83][84][85]. Furthermore, dust storms originating from the Saharan desert influence Lebanon during the fall and spring seasons, which leads to the increase in coarse air pollutants [84][85][86].…”

Section: Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor particulate matter (PM) and associated cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East

Nasser¹,

Salameh²,

Nasser³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Air pollution is a widespread environmental concern. Considerable epidemiological evidence indicates air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the developed countries. The main objective of our review is to assess the levels and sources of PM across the Middle East area and to search evidence for the relationship between PM exposure and CVD. An extensive review of the published literature pertaining to the subject (2000-2013) was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar databases. We reveal that low utilization of public transport, ageing vehicle fleet and the increasing number of personal cars in the developing countries all contribute to the traffic congestion and aggravate the pollution problem. The annual average values of PM pollutants in the Middle East region are much higher than the World Health Organization 2006 guidelines (PM 2.5 = 10 μg/m 3 , PM 10 = 20 μg/m 3 ). We uncover evidence on the association between PM and CVD in 4 Middle East countries: Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The findings are in light of the international figures. Ambient PM pollution is considered a potential risk factor for platelet activation and atherosclerosis and has been found to be linked with an increased risk for mortality and hospital admissions due to CVD. This review highlights the importance of developing a strategy to improve air quality and reduce outdoor air pollution in the developing countries, particularly in the Middle East. Future studies should weigh the potential impact of PM on the overall burden of cardiac diseases.

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Intraurban variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in an Eastern Mediterranean city

Cited by 69 publications

References 68 publications

Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives

Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives

Chemical Composition of PM2.5 and its Impact on Visibility in Guangzhou, Southern China

Outdoor particulate matter (PM) and associated cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East

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