Intrauterine contraception: an update

The Use of ACOG Guidelines: Perceived Contraindications to IUD and Implant Use Among Family Planning Providers

“…Numerous studies have also documented the efficacy and safety of LARC (Bhathena and Guillebaud 2008;Brito et al 2012;Stoddard et al 2011). While there were previous fears about the suitability of LARC for adolescents, for immediate post-partum, and post-abortion insertions, ACOG guidelines now note that existing evidence does not substantiate these fears.…”

Hypersensitivity Potential of Gynecological Devices

“…Nickel, cobalt and chromium are the three most common metals that elicit both cutaneous and extracutaneous allergic reactions from chronic internal exposure (23). In copper releasing devices, approximately 99% of metal components represent copper, while other metal components include nickel, silver and gold (24,25). Sensitizing capacity of copper sulphate is very low (26), but contact dermatitis and urticaria (27,28) and endometritis and urticaria-angioedema syndrome in women wearing a copper-containing IUDs have been reported (29).…”

“…This creates a hostile environment for sperm survival, inhibiting motility and capacitation with the net effect combining to prevent fertilization (30). Polymeric components of hormone releasing IUDs often include polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polypropylene and colloid silica, while metal components often include barium sulphate, iron oxide, silver and copper (24,25). Chen et al 2014 (31), reported a case of acute urticaria associated with Mirena ® implantation, while both Pereira and Coker 2003, (32) and Karry et al 2006 (33) reported cases of acute dermatitis related to application of Mirena ® .…”