Intrauterine polyps—a cause of unscheduled bleeding in women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: Case Report

Brechin, Susan; Cameron, Sharon; Paterson, Andrew M.; Williams, Alexandria; Critchley, Hilary

doi:10.1093/humrep/15.3.650

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The irregular appearance of the endometrial surface with polyploidal structures suggest that these micropolyps may contribute to the bleeding patterns observed following exposure to LNG-IUS. This view is supported by the hysteroscopic observations of one group (Brechin et al, 2000), who reported the presence of polyps in three women exposed to LNG-IUS, and also that the bleeding problems resolved after surgical removal of these polyps. The presence of unscheduled breakthrough bleeding and reduction in menstrual blood loss suggests that the progestogens might affect the endometrial vascular system directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The effect of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on angiogenic growth factors in the endometrium

2003

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The effect of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on angiogenic growth factors in the endometrium

2003

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“…The prevalence of EP in patients with IUD does not seem to have been assessed. Meanwhile, studies have reported cases for ParaGard copper and levonorgestrel IUD [ 121 ], despite therapeutic properties of this latter on endometrial hyperplasia [ 122 ]. The causal relationship between EP and infertility has been confirmed in only one randomized trial [ 102 ].…”

Section: The Concept Of Impaired Inflammatory State Of the Endometriumentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium: a multifaceted approach to endometrial inflammation. Current insights and future directions

Drizi¹,

Djokovic²,

Laganà³

et al. 2020

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New insights into the complex and fine-regulated inflammatory mechanisms involved in the endometrium reveal multiple facets to the problem of endometrial inflammation. However, the entity termed chronic endometritis is to date restricted to infectious etiology and managed with antibiotics. Conversely, the concept of impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium (IISE) provides a more global approach to defective endometrial inflammation, considering both infectious and non-infectious etiology. A non-systematic review was done through a search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment Database and Web of Science, research registers. Pertinent original and review articles, published in English or French until December 31, 2019, were selected. A compelling body of evidence demonstrates transient, repeated and persistent IISE to be a major factor of most problematic disorders in obstetrics/gynecology, such as endometrial polyps, unexplained infertility, miscarriage, placenta-related pathology and endometrial cancer. When scheduled accordingly, hysteroscopy can play a key role in the IISE assessment. Robust data suggests the pertinence of minimal-effective anti-inflammatory regimens for therapeutic IISE targeting. This review provides a comprehensive update on the multiple facets of inflammation in the endometrial physiology and pathology. Further research is needed to improve classification, diagnosis and treatment of IISE.

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“…In looking for intrauterine pathology, well-established procedures such as hysteroscopy and saline infusion sonography are indicated. 18 If exceptional bleeding persists for more than 3 months or if the bleeding pattern is altered, an endometrial biopsy and cervical smear are indicated.…”

Section: Treatment Of Menorrhagiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Use of the LNG IUS, and Counseling

Pakarinen¹,

Toivonen²,

Luukkainen³

2001

Semin Reprod Med

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The intrauterine release of levonorgestrel (LNG) alters the function of the endometrium. This phenomenon offers special health benefits for users and a manner of local intrauterine therapy. In this review we discuss use of LNG-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) in treatment and prevention of anemia and in the therapy of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. The antiproliferative effect of the LNG IUS on the endometrium offers targeted therapy against the proliferative action of estrogen on the endometrium during hormone replacement therapy. The LNG IUS as an alternative to sterilization is also discussed. There are also promising therapeutic fields such as use of the LNG IUS in the treatment of endometriosis and in the protection of endometrium exposed to tamoxifen during breast cancer treatment. Special attention is paid to counseling because successful use of the LNG IUS requires good training of the providers and extensive counseling of users.

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Intrauterine polyps—a cause of unscheduled bleeding in women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: Case Report

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on angiogenic growth factors in the endometrium

The effect of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on angiogenic growth factors in the endometrium

Impaired inflammatory state of the endometrium: a multifaceted approach to endometrial inflammation. Current insights and future directions

Therapeutic Use of the LNG IUS, and Counseling

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