Intravenous Anesthetics

Reves, J. G.; Glass, Peter S. A.; Lubarsky, David A.; McEvoy, Matthew D.; Martinez-Ruiz, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06959-8.00026-1

Cited by 220 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 505 publications

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“…19 Dexmedetomidine given though IV has been found to reduce the anaesthetic requirements during the general anaesthesia. 20 This analgesic is known to act at both the spinal and supraspinal levels. 21 Though still under evaluation as an ideal neuraxial adjuvant, Dexmedetomidine provides stable hemodynamic conditions, excellent quality of intraoperative and prolonged postoperative analgesia with minimal side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for fracture femur and tibia

Chandra¹,

Krishna

Singh

2017

Int Surg J

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Background: Spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine is administered routinely for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. The ensuing nerve block is sufficient to ensure patient’s wellbeing, while motor block facilitates the surgeon’s work. Post-operative pain relief can be achieved by various methods namely systemic opioid and non-opioid peripheral nerve blocks and local wound infiltration, each with their own merits and demerits. the present study was undertaken to compare the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for fracture femur and tibia.Methods: 80 patients between 20-60 years, undergoing elective surgery for closed fracture shaft of femur and tibia with ASA physical status of 1 and 2 were included in the study. All the subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two groups (Group C and Group D) by a computer-generated randomization chart. Group C received 2.5ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 50mcg clonidine and group D received 2.5ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 5mcg dexmedetomidine.Results: 30 of the 40 patients in group C were of ASA I and 10 were ASA II, while in group D, 25 were ASA I and 15 were ASA II. A significant difference was found in the onset time for sensory and motor block, receding time for sensory and motor block and the need of the first rescue analgesia between the two groups, showing that Dexmedetomidine was more potent than clonidine.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective and specific α2-adrenoreceptor agonist that has both sedative and analgesic effects and is also a valuable adjuvant when regional anaesthesia is incorporated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for fracture femur and tibia

Chandra¹,

Krishna

Singh

2017

Int Surg J

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“…IV dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce the anaesthetic requirements during the general anaesthesia [14]. It has been found to exert its analgesic actions both at the spinal and supraspinal levels [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant in Bupivacaine -Induced Subarachnoid Block for Traumatized Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery: A Prospective, Double-Blinded and Randomized Controlled Study

Halder

Das

Mandal

et al. 2014

JCDR

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“…Etomidate is used especially in cases such as heart or lung transplantation, reactive airway disease, and intracranial pressure increment (Krumholz et al, 2001). Etomidate is eliminated primarily in liver via ester hydrolysis or N-dealkylation mechanisms (Reves et al, 1999). Etomidate shows its depressant effects on reticular formation, similar to those of the barbiturate derivatives, and it also has inhibitor effects on spinal neurons (Işık, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of midazolam and etomidate on the antioxidant system in the rat liver

Bayram¹,

Öncü²,

Uz³

et al. 2015

Turk J Biol

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This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of midazolam and etomidate, which are intravenous anesthetics used in surgical operations, on rat liver. There were 3 study groups each consisting of 9 animals: the control, midazolam, and etomidate groups. Midazolam and etomidate were administered 10 times with 1-day intervals. At the end of the study, tissues were taken for histological examination and biochemical analysis. We determined superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver. There was a slight increase in MDA level in the midazolam-exposed group when compared with the controls, and this was not statistically significant. However, SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in the midazolam group. We found slight damage in histological sections in parallel to biological findings. MDA levels were significantly increased in the etomidate group and SOD and CAT activities were also prominent in this group. More histological changes like hepatocyte degeneration, vascular congestion, and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the etomidate group and this was statistically significant. We can say that these intravenous anesthetic agents may cause dose-dependent damage in tissue. Therefore, we think that one must be cautious of the administration duration and dose levels of anesthetics during surgical operations.

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Intravenous Anesthetics

Cited by 220 publications

References 505 publications

Comparison of effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for fracture femur and tibia

Comparison of effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for fracture femur and tibia

Effect of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvant in Bupivacaine -Induced Subarachnoid Block for Traumatized Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery: A Prospective, Double-Blinded and Randomized Controlled Study

The effects of midazolam and etomidate on the antioxidant system in the rat liver

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