2014
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.117
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Intravenous immunoglobulin-mediated expansion of regulatory T cells in autoimmune patients is associated with increased prostaglandin E2 levels in the circulation

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Cited by 35 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…In terms of their roles in immune function, PGE 2 has been shown to have both pro- [31] and anti-inflammatory [32] properties, complicating interpretation of its increase in those with BMIs>35. However, it is generally thought of as an inhibitor of both innate and adaptive immunity, in part by increasing myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) [32] and Tregs [33]. An increase might thus hinder the elimination of cancer cells but might be helpful in preventing autoimmune disorders.…”
Section: Fig 6 Obesity Increases Cd4+ T Cells and Tregs And Reduces mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In terms of their roles in immune function, PGE 2 has been shown to have both pro- [31] and anti-inflammatory [32] properties, complicating interpretation of its increase in those with BMIs>35. However, it is generally thought of as an inhibitor of both innate and adaptive immunity, in part by increasing myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) [32] and Tregs [33]. An increase might thus hinder the elimination of cancer cells but might be helpful in preventing autoimmune disorders.…”
Section: Fig 6 Obesity Increases Cd4+ T Cells and Tregs And Reduces mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IVIG also normalizes the functions of DCs and other innate immune cells [43,77,78]. Further, IVIG induces expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reciprocally inhibits Th17 cells [79,80,89,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]. Interestingly, recent studies in mouse models suggest that α-(2, 6) sialylated Fc of IVIG signals through type II lectin receptors to enhance inhibitory FcγRIIB on effector macrophages via basophil-secreted IL-4 and induce Tregs by dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion mol-ecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)induced IL-33 secretion [90,91].…”
Section: Natural Igg (Nigg): Role Of Nabs In Immune Tolerance/homeostmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, recent studies in mouse models suggest that α-(2, 6) sialylated Fc of IVIG signals through type II lectin receptors to enhance inhibitory FcγRIIB on effector macrophages via basophil-secreted IL-4 and induce Tregs by dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion mol-ecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)induced IL-33 secretion [90,91]. However, translation of these findings to humans failed to recapitulate the mechanisms although requirement of sialylation has been confirmed in other experimental models [78,79,82,83,88,89,92]. Studies in humans have revealed that IVIG can directly interact with basophils to induce IL-4 secretion, and can act either directly on Tregs or on DCs to expand Tregs [46,65,[93][94][95][96].…”
Section: Natural Igg (Nigg): Role Of Nabs In Immune Tolerance/homeostmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…IVIG exerts beneficial effects via several mutually nonexclusive mechanisms. These mechanisms include: inhibiting activation of innate cells such as DCs, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils and of inflammatory mediators secretion; modulation of B cell responses and inhibition of autoantibody production; suppression of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells and reciprocal enhancement of Tregs; and inhibition of endothelial cell and complement activation [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Although all these mechanisms might not be applicable to KD, several of them have been demonstrated in KD patients following IVIG therapy ( Table 2).…”
Section: Therapeutic Intervention Standard Therapymentioning
confidence: 99%