Intraverbal Training for Individuals with Autism: The Current Status of Multiple Control

Abstract

Teaching complex intraverbal responding to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging and often requires careful programming. Divergent and convergent multiple control are particularly important elements to incorporate into intraverbal training programs, as well as procedures to ensure responding is under control of both discriminative and conditional vocal verbal stimuli. The current study systematically reviewed research articles on intraverbal training methods for individuals with ASD published and available from 2005 to 2016. The purpose of the review was to assess the extent to which divergent and convergent control was incorporated into training and to determine whether systematic instruction ensured correct verbal conditional discriminations. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this reviewed. A total of 5 studies taught intraverbal responding under divergent control and 21 taught responding under convergent control. Two studies sufficiently described procedures to ensure accurate verbal conditional discriminations across trials. The results highlight the need for additional research on systematic teaching procedures for complex intraverbal repertoires.

The importance of multiple exemplar instruction in the establishment of novel verbal behavior

“…Thus, verbal behavior can be both explained and changed via analyses of behavior–environment relations. Since Skinner's original writing, much research employing behavior‐analytic principles to investigate the development and remediation of language has been published (e.g., Akers et al, ; Carr & Miguel, ; Frampton & Shillingsburg, ; Marcon‐Dawson, Vicars, & Miguel, ; Oah & Dickinson, ; Sautter & LeBlanc, ; Shafer, ; Stauch, LaLonde, Plavnik, Bak, & Gatewood, ; Wiskow, Matter, & Donaldson, ). Taken together, the results of these studies contradict the idea of language as an innate and immoveable entity.…”

The Effects of the Interspersal of Related Responses on the Emergence of Intraverbals for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…A substantial body of literature exists related to best practices for directly training intraverbals using transfer of stimulus control procedures (for a review, see Axe, 2008;Stauch, LaLonde, Plavnick, Bak, & Gatewood, 2017). To train an intraverbal in this manner, the verbal antecedent is presented and then paired with or followed by a supplementary stimulus to prompt the correct response.…”

Ensino de Tatos, Respostas de Ouvinte e Efeitos sobre Intraverbais em Autistas

“…", respostas como "garfo" e "sabonete" seriam adequadas para esses casos, respectivamente, considerando que as palavras "come" e "lava as mãos" modificam a função da informação anterior "com o que você...". Em cada caso, verifica-se controle discriminativo sobre uma resposta intraverbal específica (Axe, 2008;Palmer, 2016;Stauch, LaLonde, Plavnick, Bak, & Gatewood, 2017;Sundberg, 2016). Sundberg (2016) apresenta outro tipo de discriminação verbal na qual o intraverbal pode estar envolvido: alteração de função verbal.…”