Intravital methods in research into the ecology of animals and their significance in investigations on the example of Sciurus vulgaris

Zizda, Julia

doi:10.15407/ptt2010.10.115

Proc. Theriol. School

2010

DOI: 10.15407/ptt2010.10.115

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Intravital methods in research into the ecology of animals and their significance in investigations on the example of Sciurus vulgaris

Julia Zizda¹

Abstract: Прижиттєві методи дослідження екології тварин та їх значення у дослідженнях на прикладі Sciurus vulgaris.-Зізда Ю.-Представлено огляд методик прижиттєвого дослідження тварин, які об'єднано у кілька логічних груп. Акцентовано увагу на методах, придатних для дослідження біології дендрофільних гризунів, зокрема вивірки звичайної. Групуючи різні підходи, можна отримати достатньо повну інформацію щодо поставленого питання, яке стосується біології чи екології виду. Перехід на прижиттєве вивчення тварин, збір даних з… Show more

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Nesting features of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in conditions of Kamianets-Podilskyi

Matvieiev¹,

Buchatska²

2021

Theriol. Ukr.

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Research on the biotopic distribution, abundance, and specific nesting features of the European red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) was carried out from October 2016 until May 2017 in the entire area of Kamianets-Podilskiy (Khmelnitskiy Oblast, Ukraine). By its construction type and tree vegetation, the following biotopes were singled out in the town area: one-storey buildings, multi-storey buildings, mixed housing types, parks, industrial area, the Smotrych river’s canyon, and gardening area. In total, 272 nests of the European red squirrel were registered, including 89 nests in parks (32.7 % of the total number of nests), 79 in the industrial area (29.0 %), 49 in the mixed housing area (18.0 %), 19 in the area of multi-storey buildings (7.0 %), 13 in the area of one-storey buildings (4.8 %), 12 in the gardening area (4.4 %), and 11 in the canyon of the Smotrych river (4.0 %). In Kamianets-Podilskiy and its surroundings, 178 178 pairs of the European red squirrel were recorded, what makes up 65.4 % of the number of registered nests. The population density (pair/km2) of the red squirrel in Kamianets-Podilskiy is 6.4 pairs/km2. The highest density was observed in the forest-park area (43.3 pairs/km2), in the canyon of the Smotrych river (10.7 pairs/km2), and in the area multi-storey buildings (9.1 pairs/km2). Squirrel nests were observed on 21 tree species, including the linden Тіlіа sp., the asp Populus sp., the chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, the sycamore tree Acer tataricum, the field maple Асеr саmреstrе, the elm tree Ulmus laevis, the sweet cherry Prunus sp., the maple Acer negundo, the fir tree Рісеа sp., the walnut tree Juglans regia, the horn beech Саrріnus bеculus, the willow Salix alba, the acacia Robinia pseudoacacia, the ash tree Frахіnus ехсеlsіоr, the birch tree Betula sp., the poplar Populus sp., the pyramidal poplar Populus pyramidalis, the cedar Thuja occidentalis, the Norway maple Acer platanoides, the honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos, and the oak Quеrсus rоbur. Most nests were located on the pyramidal poplar (24.1 %), linden (19.7 %), and Norway maple (13.7 %), while the least number of nests was found on the fir tree (0.8 %) and chestnut (0.8 %). The European red squirrel usually arranges its nests at the height of 3.5 m to 23 m, in average 9.3 m. The specific features of location of squirrel nests depend on the tree species (the highest nests being located on the ash tree, pyramidal poplar, and the lowest nests being on the fir tree and cedar). The squirrel mostly arranges its nests at whorls usually made up of 3–4 branches (51.9 %), near the trunk (32.7 %), on the branches (13.0 %) and between trunks (2.4 %).

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Nesting features of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in conditions of Kamianets-Podilskyi

Matvieiev¹,

Buchatska²

2021

Theriol. Ukr.

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The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in natural and anthropogenic habitats of the Podilskyi Tovtry National Park

Matvieiev¹,

Drebet²

2022

Theriol. Ukr.

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The red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris inhabits biotopes with different levels of anthropogenic influence. The aim of the work is to analyse the biotopic distribution and abundance of the red squirrel in natural (forests of various specific and age composition, shrubberies, and river valleys) and anthropogenic (settlements, forest strips, and orchards) habitats in the territory of the Podilskyi Tovtry National Nature Park. Research was conducted from 1990 to 2022 at monitoring sites (different types of forest, arboretum, canyon of the Smotrych River, separate areas of settlements) and in separate biotopes of the natural park. We used the method of transect survey to estimate the number of red squirrels calculated as the number of individuals per 1 ha, as well as description and mapping of nests, and photography. The red squirrel is a non-abundant species in forests of different specific composition and age, where it is most often found in coniferous (especially spruce) and mixed forests, as well as in mature forest types and in areas bordering settlements. Of the studied natural habitats the red squirrel has the lowest abundance in the shrubberies on the slopes of Tovtry and river valleys, as well as in locust areas of forests. In the valleys of the rivers outside of settlements, the red squirrel occurs rarely. Of the forest strips, the most attractive for the species are the roadside strips with Juglans regia plantations in many areas, while the least attractive are field protection strips. Population density in anthropogenic biotopes is much higher than in forested ones. The most attractive are the arboretum zone of the city, where the population density in some years reached 2.5 individuals/ha. Anthropogenic biotopes are attract the species with the availability of food (primarily the fruits of common and black walnuts, Juglans regia and Juglans nigra) and the reduction of pressure by the forest marten. In urban settlements, the red squirrel more often settles in nests (groves) compared to forest biotopes, which is connected with the limited number of hollows due to periodic sanitary felling in the arboretum and along highways. In the monitoring areas of the forest, fluctuations in the abundance of the species are observed depending on the availability of food, in particular spruce cones. In the last three years, a trend of a sharp decrease in the number of red squirrels in anthropogenic biotopes has been revealed.

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The main vital marking methods of small mammals

Markovska

2017

Nov. Theriol.

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Methods of vital marking of small mammals as the main techniques for studying population, demographic, and behavioral processes in the study of their ecology are considered. Methods of vital marking are classified into three main groups: short-term, long-term, and permanent. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and prospects for their use are analyzed. Examples of the use of specific materials, their effectiveness, the overall impact on the body of the studied animal and the possible consequences of use are given.

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Intravital methods in research into the ecology of animals and their significance in investigations on the example of Sciurus vulgaris

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Nesting features of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in conditions of Kamianets-Podilskyi

Nesting features of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in conditions of Kamianets-Podilskyi

The red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in natural and anthropogenic habitats of the Podilskyi Tovtry National Park

The main vital marking methods of small mammals

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