Intrinsic Size Effects in a Barium Titanate Glass‐Ceramic

Abstract

A series of glass ceramics have been synthesized to produce bulk materials with nanometer-sized barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) crystals grown in a residue glass matrix. Structureproperty relations have been made to determine the size distribution and the dielectric temperature dependence of the ceramics. Through dielectric and density mixing laws, it has been inferred that depolarization fields limit the dielectric polarizability of the particles and influence the transition temperature. The transition temperature, dielectric anomaly broadening, and peak dielectric constant all scale systematically with the mean size of the BaTiO 3 crystals, which is consistent with an intrinsic size effect. In addition, scaling the transition temperature with the Ishikawa relation predicts a critical size of 17 nm, for which BaTiO 3 cannot support a ferroelectric transition. These results are discussed in relation to other size studies on ferroelectric materials.

Structure evolution and dielectric behavior of polystyrene-capped barium titanate nanoparticles

“…However, these results are not in agreement with other reports where the critical size was estimated to be on the order of 10-20 nm. [16][17][18] Using the phenomenological Landau- found. However, the T C remains constant at 408 K for larger particles and the expected lowering of T C when the particle size approaches 30 nm was not observed.…”

Phase transition and temperature stability of piezoelectric properties in Mn-modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 ceramics

“…9 In another study on BaTiO 3 , they did not see any shift in T m until the grain sizes were in submicron range. 10 Thus, changes in dielectric behavior of PMN-PZT þ PMnN and PMN-PZT þ MnO 2 will have some contribution from the 10X difference in grain size, but other factors are required to explain the overall variation. We did not observe any effect of frequency on the T max , which confirmed that the observed effects were related to composition not space charge polarization (Fig.…”

Block copolymer/ferroelectric nanoparticle nanocomposites

“…[36][37][38][39] Clearly, our results are in accordance with reports where the critical size of BaTiO 3 NPs was estimated to be on the order of 10-20 nm. 40 Moreover, the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis also substantiated the success in synthesizing PS-functionalized BaTiO 3 NPs (Fig. S4 †).…”