Intrinsic Terahertz Plasmons and Magnetoplasmons in Large Scale Monolayer Graphene

Crassee, I.; Орлита, М.; Potemski, M.; Walter, Andrew L.; Ostler, Markus; Seyller, Thomas; Gaponenko, Iaroslav; Chen, Jianing; Kuzmenko, A. B.

doi:10.1021/nl300572y

Cited by 237 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This phenomenon has been demonstrated by Witowski and coauthors, 35 and it was also observed very recently in graphene layers epitaxially grown on SiC. 25,26 To understand this behavior, it is useful to explore the asymptotic behaviors of graphene conductivities in the high doping limit. In highly doped graphene at lower energies, the interband transitions can be ignored and only the E n → E n+1 (E n < μ c < E n+1 ) intraband transition dominates in Eqs.…”

Section: Edge Magnetoplasmons In Graphene Disksmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks

Apell

Kinaret

2012

Phys. Rev. B

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We discuss the edge magnetoplasmon properties in highly doped graphene disks, and the corresponding optical excitations. Edge magnetoplasmons with nonzero angular momentum (l = 0) have two branches corresponding to different edge current rotations with respect to the magnetic field. The resonance energies of one branch are blueshifted and the other redshifted relative to energies at B = 0, with the energy differences linearly proportional to the magnetic field. Recently, the l = 1 dipole mode has been investigated by two experiments using optical transmission spectroscopy [Crassee et al., Nano Lett. 12, 2470 Yan et al., ibid. 12, 3766 (2012)], and classical cyclotron resonances were found in highly doped graphene samples. These are determined by graphene magneto-optical conductivities, which behave like a conventional two-dimensional electron system in the high doping limit.

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Section: Edge Magnetoplasmons In Graphene Disksmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Graphene magnetoplasmons have been studied theoretically in infinite graphene sheets, [19][20][21][22] semi-infinite sheets, 23,24 and finite structures. 25,26 As a linear and gapless energy spectrum, graphene has a different Landau level (LL) distribution compared with a usual 2DES, reading…”

Section: Magneto-optical Conductivities Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks

Apell

Kinaret

2012

Phys. Rev. B

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“…The sample is measured in the 0.5-2.5 THz frequency range using time-domain spectroscopy. The complex conductivity of the graphene stack is then retrieved using a dedicated formulation 8,35,36 . Details regarding the fabrication, measurement and stack conductivity extraction process are provided in Methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-biased reconfigurable graphene stacks for terahertz plasmonics

et al. 2015

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The gate-controllable complex conductivity of graphene offers unprecedented opportunities for reconfigurable plasmonics at terahertz and mid-infrared frequencies. However, the requirement of a gating electrode close to graphene and the single 'control knob' that this approach offers limits the practical implementation and performance of these devices. Here we report on graphene stacks composed of two or more graphene monolayers separated by electrically thin dielectrics and present a simple and rigorous theoretical framework for their characterization. In a first implementation, two graphene layers gate each other, thereby behaving as a controllable single equivalent layer but without any additional gating structure. Second, we show that adding an additional gate allows independent control of the complex conductivity of each layer within the stack and provides enhanced control on the stack equivalent complex conductivity. These results are very promising for the development of THz and mid-infrared plasmonic devices with enhanced performance and reconfiguration capabilities.

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“…During the preparation of this manuscript, we became aware of a related work 31 presented by Crassee et al at APS March Meeting. In that work, magneto-plasmons were observed in unpatterned epitaxial graphene on SiC due to the inherent domain boundaries.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Spectroscopy of Tunable Dirac Terahertz Magneto-Plasmons in Graphene

et al. 2012

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Abstract:Boundaries and edges of a two dimensional system lower its symmetry and are usually regarded, from the point of view of charge transport, as imperfections. Here we present a first study of the behavior of graphene plasmons 1-6 in a strong magnetic field that provides a different perspective. We show that the plasmon resonance in micron size graphene disks 4,6 in a strong magnetic field splits into edge and bulk plasmon modes 7-12 with opposite dispersion relations, and that the edge plasmons at terahertz frequencies develop increasingly longer lifetimes with increasing magnetic field, in spite of potentially more defects close to the graphene edges. This unintuitive behavior is attributed to increasing quasi-one dimensional field-induced confinement and the resulting suppression of the back-scattering 13 .Due to the linear band structure of graphene 14,15 , the splitting rate of the edge and bulk modes develops a strong doping dependence, which differs from the behavior of traditional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems 7,8,11,16 .We also observe the appearance of a higher order mode indicating an anharmonic confinement potential 17 even in these well-defined circular disks. Our work not only 2 opens an avenue for studying the physics of graphene edges, but also supports the great potential of graphene for tunable terahertz magneto-optical devices. Main text:Plasmon excitations in graphene are currently attracting great attention [1][2][3][4][5][6]12 . This is primarily due to the high carrier mobility and the tunable carrier density, which make graphene a promising plasmonic material in the far infrared and terahertz frequency ranges 1,2,5,6,18 . Unlike metal plasmons 19 , the graphene plasmon is expected to be strongly affected by an external magnetic field due to a comparable cyclotron frequency 20-22 and plasmon frequency. The effects of a perpendicular magnetic field on the plasmons in conventional 2DEG systems have been extensively studied [7][8][9][10][11]17,23,24 . A major focus of these studies has been localized plasmons in disks 7 and submicron size quantum dots 8,17,23 .Here we report the first study of magneto-plasmons in micron size disk arrays of graphene-a different kind two dimensional system. We find that the plasmon lifetime can be dramatically modified by a magnetic field. This is especially true for the edge mode, which develops a much longer lifetime than that at zero field. This behavior is counterintuitive since imperfections of the edges may introduce more scattering and decrease the plasmon lifetime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of magnetic field tuning of plasmon lifetime in the terahertz frequency range.Large area graphene disk arrays on SiO 2 /Si are fabricated using standard electron beam lithography and dry etching techniques (for details, see Methods) 6 . Fig. 1a shows a 3 scanning electron micrograph of a sample with a 3-micron diameter (d = 3 m) disk array arranged in a triangular lattice, where the lattice constan...

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Intrinsic Terahertz Plasmons and Magnetoplasmons in Large Scale Monolayer Graphene

Cited by 237 publications

References 42 publications

Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks

Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks

Self-biased reconfigurable graphene stacks for terahertz plasmonics

Infrared Spectroscopy of Tunable Dirac Terahertz Magneto-Plasmons in Graphene

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