Introducing a new method robust against crop attack in digital image watermarking using two-step sudoku

Goli, Mohammad; Naghsh, Alireza

doi:10.1109/pria.2017.7983054

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Canny's edge detection algorithm is well known for its ability to generate a continuous edge. First, the image is smoothed by Gaussian convolution [32]. Where Ø can be used to adjust the scale.…”

Section: Eye Location and Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep convolutional network based real time fatigue detection and drowsiness alertness system

Sharma

Yadav²,

Sharma³

2022

IJECE

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<span>Fatigue and drowsiness detection techniques based on the external features are under progress, and the methods of facial feature extraction require further development. This paper discusses the innovative processes, efficient methods, and recent advancements in the field of drowsiness and fatigue detection. In this proposed model, a wide application is planned in the field of artificial intelligence by defining the fundamentals of human-computer interaction, facial expression recognition and driver fatigue-sleepiness determination. This research outlines an efficient and effective three-phase strategy for detecting drowsiness. Viola Jones is used to detect facial traits in these three phases. Detection of yawning and tracking once the face has been identified, the segmenting the skin, the system becomes lighting invariant portion by itself, focusing on the chromatic components based on skin, and to reject most of non-face image backdrops. The color eye tracking and yawning detection are carried out by template matching with the correlation coefficient. The vectors of features based on each of the above phases is concatenated, and a binary result is obtained. The analysis of sound and successive frames into fatigue and non-fatigue states has been classified. If the time in fatigue state exceeds the threshold, the system will sound an alarm. </span>

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Section: Eye Location and Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep convolutional network based real time fatigue detection and drowsiness alertness system

Sharma

Yadav²,

Sharma³

2022

IJECE

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“…TSSLSB, on the other hand, was developed to cater decent cropping attack. TSSLSB had been introduced by two researchers from Islamic Azad University [3]. This technique is a hybrid implementation of sudoku methodology with LSB technique.…”

Section: A Comparison Between the Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the watermarking processes explained in [3], the watermark image will be broken up into nine parts, and each part will be randomized accordingly based on the sudoku method, and this process will be repeated once more, and the scrambled image will be embedded inside the host image. The experiment result was flabbergasted, as every part of the watermarked image contains at least one retrievable watermark image, even after a 98.8% cropping of the host image, the embedded watermark is retrievable [3]. Based on a study of the algorithm of TSSLSB, as an early hypothesis, it is assumed that this technique can withstand against compression attack by social media.…”

Section: A Comparison Between the Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research also uses the Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) image file format as the main image file format for image analysis and watermarking processes. Digital watermarking techniques exposed in this research are DCTbased Pyramid Transform [2], Two-Step Sudoku Method using LSB [3], Semi-fragile Spatial Watermarking based on Local Binary Pattern (LBP) Operator [4], and Hybrid Schur and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) [5]. The use of metadata for preserving ownership and copyright of the image is present, but instead of using plaintext of metadata, QR code had been generated using selected unique metadata.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robustness Comparison Study on Watermarking Techniques against Compression Attack

Jeffry

Mammi

2020

Int J Innov Comp

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Digital watermarking technique is a way of protecting digital image from malicious attacks. Compression attack is one of the most common attacks for images uploaded into social media. Social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, implement compression method for all types of media, before it is successfully uploaded into their server. This is to reduce the network bandwidth and storage needed to store each media in their server. However, the implemented compression method tends to tarnish image properties from the image itself, which can be used to identify the image itself. This produces other problems, which are ownership and copyright issues. Digital watermark has been proposed in numerous researches, and this research is one of them, in preventing the stated problem. The chosen digital watermarking techniques must be able to withstand against compression attack done by social media. A comprehensive analysis towards the watermarking algorithms and watermarked images were done, by applying several designed experiments. Based on the results, it shows that both chosen watermarking techniques could not withstands against compression attack made by JPEG compression and social media compression. It indicates that watermarking technique was not a suitable method to be used in preserving the ownership and copyright of the image throughout social media.

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“…More recently, inspired by the mathematics of Sudoku [18,19], research has been done such as [20,21,22] to solve image cropping and collage attack problems. Their embedding strategy using Sudoku follows the same principle of self-embedding previsously described except the authors use a resizing function to reduce the watermark size.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of rank metric codes in digital image watermarking

Lefèvre

Carré

Gaborit

2019

Signal Processing: Image Communication

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In this paper, we propose a new digital image watermarking algorithm where the resistance against attacks is studied using error correcting codes. Using the well known Lattice QIM in the spatial domain, we propose to use a different kind of error correcting codes called rank metric codes. These codes are already well used in cryptography and communications for network coding but not used yet in the context of watermarking. In this article, we show how this metric permits to correct errors with a specific structure and is adapted to specific image attacks when combined with a watermarking technique. In particular, we describe a rank metric code family called Gabidulin codes analogous to the well known Reed-Solomon codes. If one considers a rank code over a finite field extension, then any codeword has a matrix representation. One can decode the original message if the matrix rank of the detected codeword is small enough. We propose a study to validate the concept of rank metric in watermarking applications. First, we introduce a theoretically invariant method to luminance additive constant change. After combining the Lattice QIM method and rank metric codes, we add a multi-detection strategy on the damaged images with controlled luminance distortions. Then, using a block-based watermarking approach, we show how the proposed association can also be robust to an image distortion we called content erasure or copy-paste. The proposed approach completes other watermarking strategies against attacks with random errors such as JPEG compression.

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Introducing a new method robust against crop attack in digital image watermarking using two-step sudoku

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Deep convolutional network based real time fatigue detection and drowsiness alertness system

Deep convolutional network based real time fatigue detection and drowsiness alertness system

Robustness Comparison Study on Watermarking Techniques against Compression Attack

Application of rank metric codes in digital image watermarking

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