Introducing an alternative oxidant for Spiro-OMeTAD with the reduction product to passivate perovskite defects

Gao, Xiuli; Wu, Fei; Zeng, Ye; Chen, Kaixing; Liu, Xiaorui; Zhu, Linna

doi:10.1039/d3tc01601c

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In turn, it can induce uniform growth of the perovskite active layer on the top surface, promoting better interface contact between the perovskite film and HTMs. 34 The molecular stability of HTMs can be assessed using the absolute hardness ( η ), where a higher η value indicates greater stability. 35 As can be seen in Table 1, the η values for JY4, JY5, and JY6 are 2.41, 2.41, and 2.46 eV, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of intermolecular interactions in hole transporting materials for improvement of perovskite solar cell efficiency: a strategy of trifluoromethoxy isomerization

Qi,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of intermolecular interactions in hole transporting materials for improvement of perovskite solar cell efficiency: a strategy of trifluoromethoxy isomerization

Qi,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…[11,14] Oxidants, such as benzoyl peroxide, chromium trioxide, I 2 , and so on, have been used to shorten the oxidation time for obtaining high-efficiency PSCs. [15][16][17][18] Recently, Li's group synthesized a series of iodonium salts with strong oxidizing properties to manipulate the oxidation states of Spiro without air assistance, leading to the PSCs possessing an excellent PCE of 25.16 %. [19] Except for the issue of timeconsuming oxidation, the tBP, which is used to accelerate the dissolution of LiTFSI and optimize the film morphology, should also be carefully addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Reaction in Organic Hole Transport Layer Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Lan,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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The doped organic hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the traditional doping strategy undergoes a time‐consuming and environment‐dependent oxidation process, which hinders the technology upgrades and commercialization of PSCs. Here, we reported a new strategy by introducing a cascade reaction in traditional doped Spiro‐OMeTAD, which can simultaneously achieve rapid oxidation and overcome the erosion of perovskite by 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP) in organic HTL. The ideal dopant iodobenzene diacetate was utilized as the initiator that can react with Spiro to generate Spiro•+ radicals quickly and efficiently without the participation of ambient air, with the byproduct of iodobenzene (DB). Then, the DB can coordinate with tBP through a halogen bond to form a tBP‐DB complex, minimizing the sustained erosion from tBP to perovskite. Based on the above cascade reaction, the resulting Spiro‐based PSCs have a champion PCE of 25.76% (certificated of 25.38%). This new oxidation process of HTL is less environment‐dependent and produces PSCs with higher reproducibility. Moreover, the PTAA‐based PSCs obtain a PCE of 23.76%, demonstrating the excellent applicability of this doping strategy on organic HTL.

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“…[ 12 ] Various materials have been reported as oxidizing agents to replace oxygen and oxide spiro‐OMeTAD, such as Co (III) complexes (FK102, FK209, FK269), [ 13,14 ] F4‐TCNQ, [ 15 ] peroxides, [ 16–18 ] compounds with free radicals, [ 19,20 ] among others. [ 21–32 ] However, most of these materials are usually limited by their complicated synthetic process, high purity requirements, high reactivity, low solubility, or expensive cost. Furthermore, the unreacted residuals remained in the HTL film may be detrimental to the photovoltaic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Solvent Accelerates Spiro‐OMeTAD Oxidation for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Guo,

Chen,

Luo

et al. 2023

Solar RRL

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As one of the most widely used hole transport materials (HTMs) in optoelectronics devices, 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) has endowed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, the long oxidation time in the ambient atmosphere is time‐consuming. Furthermore, commonly used solvents for spiro‐OMeTAD film processing such as chlorobenzene (CB) are toxic, which severely hinders the commercialization of PSCs. Herein, ethyl acetate (EA) serves as a superior green solvent alternative to the typical processing solvent, which substantially reduces the oxidation time of spiro‐OMeTAD. Without postoxidation treatment and any other additional oxidizing agents, the resultant device delivers a high PCE of 23.3%, significantly outperforming the CB‐based device. It is also the highest efficiency obtained from nonhalogenated solvent‐processed spiro‐OMeTAD. The electrostatic potential mapping demonstrates that the electron density at nitrogen atoms of EA‐processed spiro‐OMeTAD is more delocalized, leading to a faster oxidation. Furthermore, the processing solvent EA is a green solvent with low toxicity, and the amount of HTMs used in the fabrication of solar cells can be dramatically reduced. This study provides a new solution for processing spiro‐OMeTAD, which is ideal for the mass production of PSCs.

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Introducing an alternative oxidant for Spiro-OMeTAD with the reduction product to passivate perovskite defects

Abstract: Spiro-OMeTAD has been playing an indispensable role in highly-efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a long air oxidation progress is usually required, which is harmful to the device stability. Herein,...

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Modulation of intermolecular interactions in hole transporting materials for improvement of perovskite solar cell efficiency: a strategy of trifluoromethoxy isomerization

Modulation of intermolecular interactions in hole transporting materials for improvement of perovskite solar cell efficiency: a strategy of trifluoromethoxy isomerization

Cascade Reaction in Organic Hole Transport Layer Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Green Solvent Accelerates Spiro‐OMeTAD Oxidation for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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