Introduction

Flora, Peter; Heidenheimer, Arnold J.

doi:10.4324/9781351304924-1

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The ‘power resources’ approach examines the political origins, for instance by exploring the role of trade unions and left-leaning parties (Esping-Andersen 1990; Huber and Stephens 2001; Korpi 1983). The institutional origins relate to electoral institutions and associated political co-ordination (Cusack, Iversen and Soskice 2007; Flora and Heidenheimer 1981, 47; Martin and Swank 2012; McDonagh 2015). Lastly, studies stress religious influences on welfare development, such as church/state struggles over state building, the crucial role of Christian democratic parties in continental welfare states and doctrinal differences in religious sects (Kahl 2005; Lipset and Rokkan 1967; Van Kersbergen and Manow 2009).…”

Section: Classifying Welfare State Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern welfare state regimes have deep historical roots, and early social interventions anticipated later policies of post-war welfare states (Castles 1993; Esping-Andersen 1990; Estevez-Abe, Iversen and Soskice 2001; Flora and Heidenheimer 1981; Huber and Stephens 2001; Petersen, Petersen and Christiansen 2010). Long before the twentieth century, Denmark had many hallmarks of social democratic welfare states: citizen rights to social support, municipal responsibility to provide jobs to all, and early social investments in mass education.…”

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confidence: 99%

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What We Talk about When We Talk about Poverty: Culture and Welfare State Development in Britain, Denmark and France

Martin

Chevalier

2021

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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Why did historical anti-poverty programs in Britain, Denmark and France differ so dramatically in their goals, beneficiaries and agents for addressing poverty? Different cultural views of poverty contributed to how policy makers envisioned anti-poverty reforms. Danish elites articulated social investments in peasants as necessary to economic growth, political stability and societal strength. British elites viewed the lower classes as a challenge to these goals. The French perceived the poor as an opportunity for Christian charity. Fiction writers are overlooked political agents who engage in policy struggles. Collectively, writers contribute to a country's distinctive ‘cultural constraint’, or symbols and narratives, which appears in the national-level aggregation of literature. To assess cross-national variations in cultural depictions of poverty, this article uses historical case studies and quantitative textual analyses of 562 British, 521 Danish and 498 French fictional works from 1770 to 1920.

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Section: Classifying Welfare State Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Talk about When We Talk about Poverty: Culture and Welfare State Development in Britain, Denmark and France

Martin

Chevalier

2021

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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“…They are key institutional actors for drafting and implementing legislation, setting social policy agendas, evaluating policies, or providing national data. Not surprisingly, several comparative studies have shown that a highly developed state administration can accelerate both the consolidation and expansion of the welfare state (Amenta and Carruthers 1988; DeViney 1983; Flora and Alber 1981; Heclo 1974). Apart from administrative professionalization and capacity, an independent minister of social affairs tends to accord greater weight to social policy issues in the cabinet (Wallin 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Wars and the Establishment of Welfare Ministries

2023

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Welfare ministries are key institutions of modern nation-states. However, we still lack knowledge about when and why national welfare ministries were established. In this paper, we argue that both the First and Second world wars were major driving forces behind the establishment of independent welfare ministries. To test our argument, we introduce a novel dataset on the establishment of welfare-related ministries in 30 countries. Our empirical findings suggest that the establishment of independent welfare ministries was a product of wartime turbulence and the political, economic and social shockwaves set off especially by World War I, which affected many countries at the same time. Considering alternative explanations such as the Spanish Flu, the Bolshevik Revolution or the emergence of new nation-states, we argue that war triggered multiple, interrelated and chronologically staggered transnational events and transformations that had major effects on the social welfare systems of the countries involved. In this light, we conclude that World War I was ultimately the root cause behind the establishment of welfare ministries.

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“…The modern welfare state evolved at a time when work and family life were strongly gendered (Flora and Heidenheimer, 1981; Kolberg, 1991; Orloff, 1996). Although the heyday of the male breadwinner model – as a practised family form or as a normative ideal – may have represented only a short historical interlude (Seccombe, 1993), it nevertheless deeply shaped the institutions of the modern welfare state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gender pension gap in Germany: is divorce a gender-equaliser?

2022

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Germany is one of the few countries in Europe that has implemented a system of ‘divorce splitting’. Under this system, the pension credits that spouses have accumulated during their marriage are combined and then split equally between them upon divorce. This study examines how divorce affects public pension entitlements in Germany, and how these patterns are influenced by the system of divorce splitting. The data for our analysis comes from SHARE-RV, a direct linkage of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with administrative data of the research data centre of the German Pension Insurance Fund (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund). The data include information on the beneficiaries’ monthly earnings and employment biographies, as well as on their pension entitlements and the credits they received through divorce splitting. The results of the analysis, which was restricted to West German men and women born between 1935 and 1954, reveal that there are large gender gaps in public pension benefit levels. However, the investigation also shows that single and divorced West German women have larger personal pension entitlements than their married or widowed counterparts. Furthermore, the public pension entitlements of divorced men and women in West Germany are very similar. This can be attributed partially to the divorce-splitting system, which tends to increase the pension benefits of divorced women, while reducing the pension benefits of their male counterparts.

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Introduction

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

What We Talk about When We Talk about Poverty: Culture and Welfare State Development in Britain, Denmark and France

What We Talk about When We Talk about Poverty: Culture and Welfare State Development in Britain, Denmark and France

World Wars and the Establishment of Welfare Ministries

The gender pension gap in Germany: is divorce a gender-equaliser?

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