Introduction and removal of cryoprotective agents with rabbit kidneys: Assessment by transplantation

A Novel Conception for Liver Preservation at a Temperature Just Above Freezing Point

“…Nakajima et al performed liver transplantation after Ϫ4°C preservation in Lambotte solution to which Me 2 SO was added [27]. Jacobsen et al reported the detrimental effect of cooling rabbit kidneys to Ϫ6.0°C without freezing using cryoprotective agents [28]. Scotte et al explored the possibility of extending the cold ischemia time of rat liver by using a preservation temperature at Ϫ4°C together with the addition of 2,3-butanediol in preservation solution [29].…”

Successful Sub-zero Non-freezing Preservation of Rat Lungs at −2°C Utilizing a New Supercooling Technology

“…5 Besides the historical success in the preservation of cells and tissues in a frozen state, several trials of organ preservation at sub-zero temperatures have been reported using cryoprotectants such as polyethylene glycol 6 and 2-3 butanediol 7 or anti-freezing proteins 8,9 to avoid cell damage. However, these techniques have not been successful in the heart, 6 liver, 7 and kidney, 10 although higher levels of high-energy phosphate compounds and lower levels of deviation enzymes have been reported at sub-zero temperatures. 7,11 The toxicities of cryoprotectants may thus be implicated in the poor function observed in sub-zero preservation.…”

Sensitivity of Kidney Perfusion Protocol Design to Physical and Physiological Parametersa

“…There is evidence that significant departures from plasma‐like perfusate composition may cause increased vascular resistance and damage owing to biochemical effects. 5,7 Thus, the appropriate impermeant concentration may be set by phenomena not included in this biophysical model.…”

“…Attempts to preserve whole organs by cryopreservation have been met with very limited success. 1–7 It is well established that a successful cryopreservation scheme requires that a cryoprotective agent (CPA) be added into the cells throughout all of the tissue system. 8 Because multiple serial permeability barriers of an intact organ prevent introduction of a CPA from the external surface into the interior cells, the CPA must be perfused throughout the organ via the vascular network to introduce it locally to the cells.…”