Introduction: Child Health Disparities and Health Literacy

Cheng, Tina L.; Dreyer, Benard P.; Jenkins, Renée R.

doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1100c

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Higher health literacy and numeracy are associated with higher levels of health knowledge, more positive health behaviors, and improved clinical outcomes in adults; whereas low adult health literacy contributes to between $106 and $236 billion in U.S. health expenditures annually (Kutner, Greenberg, Jin, Paulsen, & White, 2006). The relationships between improved health outcomes related to high health literacy in pediatric populations is beginning to surface, however, significant gaps still remain (Cheng, Dreyer, & Jenkins, 2009;Sanders, Federico, Klass, Abrams, & Dreyer, 2009). Specific gaps in the literature include a) a scarcity of literature on health literacy tools and interventions for adolescents; b) a paucity of literature on the role of health literacy in the care of adolescents with any chronic illness; and c) an absence of literature on the role of health literacy in the care of adolescents with SCD.…”

Section: Chapter 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Literacy in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease

Perry

Carter

Becker

et al. 2017

Journal of Pediatric Nursing

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Section: Chapter 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Literacy in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease

Perry

Carter

Becker

et al. 2017

Journal of Pediatric Nursing

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“…7 Furthermore, the AAP cosponsored a conference in 2008 titled "Starting Early: A Life-Course Perspective on Child Health Disparities: Developing a Research Action Agenda," which resulted in white papers and research recommendations published in a 2009 supplement to Pediatrics. 8 Understanding the mechanisms on how race, ethnicity, and SES create disparities is critical to alleviating them. In the report Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth, the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 9 model children's health and its influences as the interaction over time of biology, behavior, and the social and physical environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Research on Child Health

Goodman¹,

Cheng²,

Bogue³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

Self Cite

180

119

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An extensive literature documents the existence of pervasive and persistent child health, development, and health care disparities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Disparities experienced during childhood can result in a wide variety of health and health care outcomes, including adult morbidity and mortality, indicating that it is crucial to examine the influence of disparities across the life course. Studies often collect data on the race, ethnicity, and SES of research participants to be used as covariates or explanatory factors. In the past, these variables have often been assumed to exert their effects through individual or genetically determined biologic mechanisms. However, it is now widely accepted that these variables have important social dimensions that influence health. SES, a multidimensional construct, interacts with and confounds analyses of race and ethnicity. Because SES, race, and ethnicity are often difficult to measure accurately, leading to the potential for misattribution of causality, thoughtful consideration should be given to appropriate measurement, analysis, and interpretation of such factors. Scientists who study child and adolescent health and development should understand the multiple measures used to assess race, ethnicity, and SES, including their validity and shortcomings and potential confounding of race and ethnicity with SES. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that research on eliminating health and health care disparities related to race, ethnicity, and SES be a priority. Data on race, ethnicity, and SES should be collected in research on child health to improve their definitions and increase understanding of how these factors and their complex interrelationships affect child health. Furthermore, the AAP believes that researchers should consider both biological and social mechanisms of action of race, ethnicity, and SES as they relate to the aims and hypothesis of the specific area of investigation. It is important to measure these variables, but it is not sufficient to use these variables alone as explanatory for differences in disease, morbidity, and outcomes without attention to the social and biologic influences they have on health throughout the life course. The AAP recommends more research, both in the United States and internationally, on measures of race, ethnicity, and SES and how these complex constructs affect health care and health outcomes throughout the life course.

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“…However, by every health, social, and educational metric, low-income children are doing less well than their peers. 1,2 We can begin to reduce inequities in child health by reducing the gap between what we know and what we do. Along with traditional research, innovation and improvement in health care are important strategies for closing this knowledge to practice gap.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two-Generation Pediatric Care: A Modest Proposal

Zuckerman

2016

Pediatrics

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To reduce inequities in child health, we need to reduce the gap between what we know and what we do. We must challenge our practices and traditions, develop new solutions and have the strength and courage to change how we practice. Based on my experience that the best way to help children is to help their parents, and the best way to reach parents is through their children, I propose a new frame of a 2-generation approach that focuses not only on the child but also on the parents and their relationship to guide our innovation and target improvements. Pediatricians' knowledge and empathy for families is a special base to use new strategies to test ideas on a small number of families with minimal time and cost. Examples from our work includes the following: (1) identify and refer parents with mental health conditions and lack of effective contraception, (2) develop more effective approaches to explain illness and disease to parents, and (3) educate parents about the impact of social relations from infancy on; love can amplify and stress can impair brain and child development. I encourage clinicians to think about what should be changed and more importantly to be excited and brave enough to take the first steps to design and test an idea.

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Introduction: Child Health Disparities and Health Literacy

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Health Literacy in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease

Health Literacy in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease

Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Research on Child Health

Two-Generation Pediatric Care: A Modest Proposal

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