Introduction—Do RO Membranes Have Pores?

Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi; Khulbe, K.C.; Matsuura, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811468-1.00001-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The algorithm developed for RO energy evaluation is shown in the supplementary material Figure S5 . The simulation is governed by the sorption-diffusion (S-D) model [ 32 ], and the energy equations derive from the engineering calculations of the pumping power requirement for incompressible fluid [ 33 ]. The numerical evaluation of energy consumption was achieved by a loop calculation to simulate the process dynamics on top of the relationships among feed concentration, osmotic pressure and permeate flux as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract Properties Incorporated Energy Analysis for Membrane Concentration Processes

Guo

et al. 2021

Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work focuses on the energy analysis of the membrane concentration systems that process traditional Chinese medicine extracts with dynamic properties incorporated, particularly for reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD) processes. The evaluation of process energy consumption was achieved by integrating the empirical properties correlations of Brix and other characteristics properties of the feed (e.g., density and heat capacity). The dynamic SEC analysis for RO process was largely dependent on the feed pressure, reported at 50 kWh/m3 at feed pressure of 0.9 MPa with less than 50% water removal. The occurrence of foaming at above 50% water removal caused discrepancies between the simulated flux results and the experimentally acquired results in RO, whereas the estimated dynamic SEC for MD process did not show a strong correlation with the temperatures selected in this study, ranging from 900 to 1000 kWh/m3. This approach can be adapted into the design and zoptimization for the concentration process of other herbal extracts by membrane technologies, allowing comprehensive understanding into the energy analysis in future study.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract Properties Incorporated Energy Analysis for Membrane Concentration Processes

Guo

et al. 2021

Membranes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…RO is a pressure-driven process in which a dense semipermeable membrane allows the selective passage of water molecules through the membrane. In reverse osmosis, the phenomenon of natural osmosis, in which the solvent will flow from the region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration, is reversed by application of a hydraulic pressure greater than the difference in osmotic pressures between the feed side and permeate side, forcing the solvent to move from the region of high salt concentration to low salt concentration ( Figure 4) [18]. Figure 4: Osmosis and reverse osmosis processes [19] In osmosis, water spontaneously passes from the low-salt concentration side to the high-salt concentration side until an osmotic equilibrium is reached between both sides.…”

Section: 1 Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Figure 17). In this model, transfer of the solvent (water) and the solute (salt) through a non-porous membrane occurs in three steps: absorption to the membrane, diffusion through the membrane and desorption from the membrane [18]. The driving force is the chemical potential gradient such that when the applied hydrostatic pressure is greater than the difference in osmotic pressure between both sides of the membrane, water is transported through against its natural flow due to difference in chemical potential.…”

Section: Optimization Of Design and Operational Parameters In Msfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The driving force is the chemical potential gradient such that when the applied hydrostatic pressure is greater than the difference in osmotic pressure between both sides of the membrane, water is transported through against its natural flow due to difference in chemical potential. Figure 17: Solution-diffusion model for RO membrane [18] In the solution diffusion model, salt and water flux are given by:…”

Section: Optimization Of Design and Operational Parameters In Msfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there has traditionally been little evidence on the presence of pores in RO membranes due to measurement limitations, gradually strengthening the support for the solution-diffusion model over the decades, some pore-based models also emerged [85][86][87], which are now being supported by experimental data as measurement tools for sub-nanometer pores become advanced, as discussed by Ismail et al [18,88]. (Figure 15), which was then verified in [89], showing a reasonable agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements.…”

Section: Optimization Of Design and Operational Parameters In Msfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mathematical and optimization modelling in desalination: State-of-the-art and future direction

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing water demand across the world necessitates the need for new and improved processes as well as for a better understanding of existing processes. This level of understanding includes predicting system performance in scenarios that cannot always be evaluated experimentally. Mathematical modelling is a crucial component of designing new and improved engineering processes. Through mathematically modelling real life systems, we gain a deeper understanding of processes while being able to predict performance more effectively. Advances in computational capacity and the ease of assessing systems allow researchers to study the feasibility of various systems. Mathematical modelling studies enable optimization performance parameters while minimizing energy requirements and, as such, have been an active area of research in desalination. In this review, the most recent developments in mathematical and optimization modelling in desalination are discussed with respect to transport phenomena, energy consumption, fouling predictions, and the integration of multiple scaling evolution on heat transfer surfaces has been reviewed. Similarly, developments in optimization of novel reverse osmosis (RO) configurations have been analyzed from an energy consumption perspective. Transport models for membranebased desalination processes, including relatively less understood processes such as nanofiltration and forward osmosis are presented, with recent modifications to allow for different solutes and solutions. Mathematical modelling of hybrid systems integrated with RO has also been reviewed. A survey of the literature shows that mathematical and optimization modelling of desalination processes is an exciting area for researchers in which future scholarship includes coupling of renewable energy systems with desalination technologies, as well as more advanced descriptions of fouling evolution other than that of cake filtration in membrane-based processes.

show abstract

Antifouling Nano Filtration Membrane

Das

Unnikrishnan

2023

Bioremediation for Environmental Pollutants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the recent decade, membrane technology has gained immense interest in water purification, wastewater treatment, and water desalination. However, the major drawback which destroys the efficiency of membrane technology is fouling. Membrane fouling arises due to the non-specific interaction between fouling species and membrane surface. This major drawback can be overcome by preparation of antifouling membranes. Although there are various techniques involved in water filtration i.e. microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration. However, in this book chapter, we shall emphasize antifouling nanofiltration membranes, recent developments and future prospects. Further, we shall discuss the various fouling types, its consequences, mechanisms affecting fouling, challenges, and modification approaches in the antifouling membrane technology<br>

show abstract

Introduction—Do RO Membranes Have Pores?

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract Properties Incorporated Energy Analysis for Membrane Concentration Processes

Traditional Chinese Medicine Extract Properties Incorporated Energy Analysis for Membrane Concentration Processes

Mathematical and optimization modelling in desalination: State-of-the-art and future direction

Antifouling Nano Filtration Membrane

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About