Introduction: impressionistic phonetics and experimental phonetics

Hayward, Katrina

doi:10.4324/9781315842059-1

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For humans, the optimized encoding of relatively fast dynamics; for example at the phoneme level, is critical for speech recognition and communication (Shannon et al, 1995; Tallal et al, 1996; Tallal and Piercy, 1975). Many important speech components like formant transitions, voice onset times, or stops are on very fast time scales of 100 ms or less (Hayward, 2000). Additionally, the sound envelope described by relatively fast temporal modulations (1–10 Hz in quiet environments, 10–50 Hz in noisy environments) is important for speech recognition (Elliott and Theunissen, 2009; ; Shannon et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of tonotopic ventral medial geniculate body is behaviorally relevant for speech recognition

Mihai

Moerel

Martino

et al. 2019

eLife

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Sensory thalami are central sensory pathway stations for information processing. Their role for human cognition and perception, however, remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests an involvement of the sensory thalami in speech recognition. In particular, the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB) response is modulated by speech recognition tasks and the amount of this task-dependent modulation is associated with speech recognition abilities. Here, we tested the specific hypothesis that this behaviorally relevant modulation is present in the MGB subsection that corresponds to the primary auditory pathway (i.e., the ventral MGB [vMGB]). We used ultra-high field 7T fMRI to identify the vMGB, and found a significant positive correlation between the amount of task-dependent modulation and the speech recognition performance across participants within left vMGB, but not within the other MGB subsections. These results imply that modulation of thalamic driving input to the auditory cortex facilitates speech recognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of tonotopic ventral medial geniculate body is behaviorally relevant for speech recognition

Mihai

Moerel

Martino

et al. 2019

eLife

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“…The specific command used to extract formants in Praat was Sound: To Formant (burg). This command uses linear predictive coding (LPC) to determine the contour of formants which is based on equations which predict the amplitude of the waveform at any particular moment in time on the basis of what occurred beforehand (Hayward, 2000). The particular Burg algorithm implemented by this command in Praat is that of Press, Teukolsky, Vetterling, and Flannery (1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual phonological attrition in Albanian–English late bilinguals

2017

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The purpose of this study was to investigate phonological attrition in 10 native Albanian speakers who acquired Standard Southern British English (SSBE) as a second language (L2) in London, United Kingdom. A contrast was examined which is phonemic in Albanian but allophonic in SSBE, namely the production of light and dark lateral approximants. Impressionistic and acoustic analyses revealed that one late bilingual completely neutralized the phonemic contrast in her native Albanian speech. Furthermore, two other bilinguals neutralized the phonemic contrast between light /l/ and dark /ɫ/ in coda position, and overall there appeared to be a stronger trend for light /l/ to become dark in coda position than for dark /ɫ/ to become light in onset position. The findings are discussed in relation to the Speech Learning Model (Flege, 1995) and indicate that phonological attrition in native speech production is possible in late L2 acquisition, although not inevitable.

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“…Participants were recorded reading a short passage (henceforth referred to as ‘The Wolf Passage’) which is attached in Appendix I. Recordings were made in a quiet room using a high quality digital PCM recorder and saved on the computer in .wav format with the sampling rate of 10,000 Hz which is frequently used in phonetic research (Hayward, 2000: 68). The ‘Wolf Passage’ was selected because it contains sufficient examples of vowels and consonants as well as a good balance of phonological environments to measure the different sounds (Deterding, 2006a).…”

Section: Participants and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring pronunciation features of Yunnan English

Ao¹,

Low²

2012

English Today

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The English language has gone through cycles of prominence and decline in China since it arrived on Chinese shores in 1637 for the purposes of trade (Adamson, 2002). Since then the language has evolved in China from the stage when it was regarded as a language spoken by ‘barbarians’ (Adamson, 2002) in the 1700s to the present day which sees an unprecedented surge of enthusiasm for the language. This significant change in the attitudes of the Chinese people towards English has accelerated since China's open door policy gathered steam in the early 1990s. Conservative estimates place the number of people learning English in China at about 200 million. A recent estimate by Crystal (2008) suggests that the number of English speakers in China has, in fact, doubled, with the widespread enthusiasm for English generated by driving forces such as China's entry into the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games, international tourism, foreign investment, the development of Western China, and the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) launched on January 1, 2010.

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Introduction: impressionistic phonetics and experimental phonetics

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Modulation of tonotopic ventral medial geniculate body is behaviorally relevant for speech recognition

Modulation of tonotopic ventral medial geniculate body is behaviorally relevant for speech recognition

Individual phonological attrition in Albanian–English late bilinguals

Exploring pronunciation features of Yunnan English

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