Introduction

Baron, M. Grace; Lipsitt, Lewis P.; Groden, June; Groden, Gerald

doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195182262.003.0001

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Regarding immunological factors, we investigated leukocyte and subtype counts because stress is a mediator in GI symptoms and stress hormones (such as cortisol) are known to regulate these leukocyte counts ( De Palma et al, 2014 ; Dhabhar et al, 2012 ). Therefore, we hypothesised that altered immunological blood markers might help to understand the correlation between chronic exposure to stress in individuals with ASD and the occurrence of GI symptoms ( Baron et al, 2006 ; Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al, 2015 ; Hirvikoski & Blomqvist, 2015 ). Our study demonstrated a moderate association between immunological factors, in particular lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and GI symptoms in adults with higher levels of autistic traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, stress is related to psychiatric symptoms, such as depression and anxiety ( Tafet & Nemeroff, 2016 ). People with ASD often experience high levels of stress ( Baron et al, 2006 ; Bishop-Fitzpatrick et al, 2015 ; Hirvikoski & Blomqvist, 2015 ) and psychiatric comorbidities are very common ( Hand et al, 2020 ; Lai et al, 2014 ). Also, anxiety has been associated with GI problems in children with ASD ( Ferguson et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological, behavioural and biological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adults and adults with autistic traits

Warreman

Nooteboom

Terry

et al. 2023

Autism

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Gastrointestinal symptoms and their relation to physical and mental aspects in adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are poorly understood, despite their high prevalence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine psychological, behavioural and biological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with ASD (traits). We included 31,185 adults from the Lifelines Study. Using multivariable logistic regression, we analysed the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological, behavioural (questionnaire-assessed) and physically measured biological factors in adults with ASD ( n = 309), without ASD ( n = 30,876), and in the quartiles with highest ( n = 7783) and lowest ( n = 7783) Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 sum scores. In the ASD-group, gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with psychiatric comorbidity (odds ratio: 2.71, 95% confidence interval: 1.51–4.85), more stress (odds ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.26), and worse perceived health (odds ratio: 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.62–3.34). In the quartile with the highest Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 sum scores, gastrointestinal symptoms were also associated with these psychological factors, and with less physical activity (odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.92–0.98). Our study demonstrates that not only adults with ASD but also adults with autistic traits are at increased risk for gastrointestinal symptoms, which is associated with psychological and behavioural factors. This suggests that an integrated psychosomatic approach of gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with ASD (traits) is needed. Lay abstract Little is known about factors related to the increased risk for gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while the negative impact of gastrointestinal symptoms is evident. Especially, the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological, behavioural, and biological risk factors in adults with ASD (traits) is unclear. Autistic peer support workers and autism-advocates also emphasised the importance of identifying risk factors, because of the high prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in people with ASD. Therefore, our study investigated which psychological, behavioural, and biological factors are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with ASD or with autistic traits. We analysed data from 31,185 adults in the Dutch Lifelines Study. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the presence of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, autistic traits, gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological and behavioural factors. Biological factors were examined with body measurements. We found that not only adults with ASD but also adults with higher levels of autistic traits were at increased risk for gastrointestinal symptoms. Adults with ASD who experienced psychological problems (psychiatric problems, worse perceived health, chronic stress) had a higher risk for gastrointestinal symptoms than adults with ASD without these psychological problems. Moreover, adults with higher levels of autistic traits were less physically active, which was also associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. In conclusion, our study highlights the relevance of identifying psychological problems and evaluating physical activity when trying to help adults with ASD or autistic traits and gastrointestinal symptoms. This suggests that healthcare professionals should be more aware of behavioural and psychological risk factors when evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with ASD (traits).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological, behavioural and biological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adults and adults with autistic traits

Warreman

Nooteboom

Terry

et al. 2023

Autism

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“…These techniques could also be used before or in conjunction with participants' active participation in recreation programmes. Based on the observation by Baron et al . (2006b) that the topic of stress and coping in autism has only been examined in a cursory fashion and that use of stress reduction procedures with individuals with various disabling conditions including ASD is extremely limited (Groden et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a leisure programme on quality of life and stress of individuals with ASD

García-Villamisar

Dattilo

2010

J intellect Disabil Res

117

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“…They are considered high-functioning due to relative strengths in cognitive and formal language abilities, yet commonly exhibit pragmatic communication deficits. Individuals with ASDs and HFASDs are also vulnerable to symptoms of stress and associated problems such as anxiety [2][3][4] and a range of studies have documented elevated levels in this population [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Saliva Collection Methods in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: Acceptability and Recovery of Cortisol

Putnam

Lopata

Fox

et al. 2012

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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This study compared cortisol concentrations yielded using three saliva collection methods (passive drool, salivette, and sorbette) in both in vitro and in vivo conditions, as well as method acceptability for a sample of children (n = 39) with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders. No cortisol concentration differences were observed between passive and sorbette samples obtained in vitro or in vivo. The salivette derived concentration was lower than the other two methods for the in vitro derived comparisons but did not differ from the other methods when collected in vivo. Cross-day comparison for the salivettes was also found to differ significantly, whereas the cross-day comparisons did not differ for the passive method or the sorbette method. Overall, passive drool and sorbettes were found to produce similar and stable readings of cortisol, whereas the salivette yielded unstable and variable concentrations. Ratings suggested that the children generally perceived all methods as acceptable.

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Introduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Psychological, behavioural and biological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adults and adults with autistic traits

Psychological, behavioural and biological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adults and adults with autistic traits

Effects of a leisure programme on quality of life and stress of individuals with ASD

Comparison of Saliva Collection Methods in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: Acceptability and Recovery of Cortisol

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