Introduction of cAMP and establishment of neutral lipids alterations as pollution biomarkers using the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Correlation with a battery of biomarkers

Effects of organic pollutants on Eobania vermiculata measured with five biomarkers

“…The suspensive effect of the organophosphate pollutants can often be long lasting, proposing that in such cases the reorganization is realized mainly from the composition of the enzyme (Engenheiro et al 2005). Metallothioneins constitute biomarkers of heavy metals, while some studies on clams support the induction of MT from organic pollutants as well (Raftopoulou et al 2006). The results of the present study showed a statistically significant increase of MT in the digestive gland of the land snails exposed to the all organic pollutants that were used.…”

“…Metallothioneins (MT) are used as biomarkers of pollution caused by heavy metals and have shown in many cases important correlations with heavy metal levels in the digestive gland of land snails (Chabicovsky et al 2004). In certain cases, the composition of these proteins has been reported to be induced by organic pollutants as well (Raftopoulou et al 2006).…”

Total thiol redox status as a potent biomarker of PAH-mediated effects on mussels

“…Three groups of mussels were exposed to nominal concentrations of An and/or Ph (at a final concentration of 0.1 mg L À1 in each case) and a mixture of them (ration 1:1, at a final concentration of 0.2 mg L À1 ) for 7 days, under conditions mentioned in the paragraph 2.2. PAH concentration used in the present study were within the range of their persistence in heavily-polluted coastal areas and harbours (Anyakora et al, 2005;Grundy et al, 1996;Kilikidis et al, 1994;Zhou and Maskoui, 2003), while similar concentrations were reported to enhance toxic effects on tissues of mussels, under laboratory conditions (Bellas et al, 2008;Giannapas et al, 2012;Hannam et al, 2010aHannam et al, , 2010bKaloyianni et al, 2009;Koukouzika and Dimitriadis, 2008;Raftopoulou et al, 2006). Stock PAH solutions were made by dissolving Ph and/or An in acetone, before diluting in ASW.…”

“…These PAHs are able to readily accumulate in marine biota, in concentrations that are depended merely upon species ability to biotransform them (Guinan et al, 2001). Since there is a wide variation in the types and magnitudes of physiological responses, which determine PAHs bioavailability and toxic potency, a lot of studies have been focused on their effects on marine species, including mussels (Galgani et al, 2011;Giannapas et al, 2012;Hannam et al, 2009Hannam et al, , 2010aHannam et al, , 2010bKaloyianni et al, 2009;Raftopoulou et al, 2006;Almroth et al, 2008).…”

Responses of the resident rocky crab (Halicarcinus planatus, Decapoda) to natural stressors and effluent discharges in Ushuaia Bay, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

“…In fact, it has been used for monitoring the exposure of organisms to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, heavy metals, surfactants, pyrethroid pesticides and petrogenic compounds; all of them present in urban wastes (Damiens et al, 2007;Dellali et al, 2001;Fulton and Key, 2001;Guilhermino et al, 1996Guilhermino et al, , 1998Guilhermino et al, , 2000Lionetto et al, 2003;Moreira et al, 2004;Payne et al, 1996;Raftopoulou et al, 2006).…”