Introduction of Na⁺ in Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared From Coconut Shells and Its Magnetic Properties

Mesostructural study on graphenic-based carbon prepared from coconut shells by heat treatment and liquid exfoliation

“…The charcoal powder was heated with temperature variations of 400, 600, 800, and 1000 C for 5 h to obtain GC powder. A liquid-based exfoliation technique was used to release stacked GC sheets [15,16,17,18]. This exfoliation process was assisted by HCl during bath sonication.…”

“…Meanwhile, natural carbon sources are also available in the form of biomaterials derived from plants, either as products (bio-products) or waste (bio-waste), which are more environmentally friendly. An rGO-like structure has been found standing on natural carbon sources, coconut shell charcoal, by the facile synthesis, including the heating and the exfoliation processes [15,16,17,18]. Differences in synthesis route and treatment provide a unique and different nature of the obtained rGO [2].…”

“…In this study, the heating process was carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 1000 C to observe changes in the structure of the obtained GC. In a study conducted by M. A. Baqiya et al, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR characterization show the formation of an rGO-like structure, and the presence of molecular bonds such as C¼C, C-C, C-H, C-O, C¼O, and O-H prove the formation of the rGO-like structure [15,16,17,18]. Beyond XRD, here, WAXS measurement is performed to investigate the structure and phases of the obtained GC particles.…”

Effect of Ni atomic fraction on active species of graphene growth on Cu–Ni alloy catalysts: a density functional theory study

“…Many methods have been used to produce graphene, including mechanical and chemical exfoliation. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The mechanical exfoliation method can produce high-quality graphene, but the size is limited to hundreds of micrometers, [14][15][16] while the chemical exfoliation method produces graphene with a large number of chemical impurities. [17][18][19] Good-quality large pieces of monolayer graphene can be obtained using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a copper catalyst.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19] The mechanical exfoliation method can produce high-quality graphene, but the size is limited to hundreds of micrometers, [14][15][16] while the chemical exfoliation method produces graphene with a large number of chemical impurities. [17][18][19] Good-quality large pieces of monolayer graphene can be obtained using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a copper catalyst. [20][21][22] However, due to the low solubility of carbon atoms, the self-limiting growth mechanism prevents the growth of multilayer graphene on the Cu catalyst.…”