Introduction: The International Mobility of Brains: Exodus or Circulation?

Gaillard, Jacques; Gaillard, Anne Marie

doi:10.1177/097172189700200202

Cited by 113 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As such, migration can lead to both migration and return migration. The conceptualisation of the migration decision as a circular process, also referred to as brain circulation (Gaillard and Gaillard 1997), contrasts with the neoclassical approach since migration is no longer considered a one-off decision and also because it is no longer expected to necessarily be negative for the sending country/region. On the contrary, highly skilled international migrants can be of great value for the sending country/region, since their social ties with peers, professionals, family members, friends and so on can result in knowledge flows, foreign direct investment, return migration as well as brain circulation (Hazen and Alberts 2006;Meyer 2001;Saxenian 2006;Saxenian et al 2002;Vertovec 2002).…”

Section: Where To Go After Graduation? Jobs Creative and Tolerant Plmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Often the highly skilled have international careers and experience mobility a number of times: for learning, work or personal reasons. In this regard, the concept of 'brain circulation' has made its way in migration studies, since it is able to depict the circular and temporary nature of modern migration flows (Baláz et al 2004;Gaillard and Gaillard 1997;Saxenian 2005). Indeed, given our interviewees' responses, there is strong evidence of brain circulation as many of them have experienced mobility several times and are willing to be mobile again.…”

Section: Brain Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why do they return? Beyond the economic drivers of graduate return migration

2016

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This paper explores the factors that shape the location choices of formerly mobile graduates (FMGs) initially resident in Sardinia, Italy, a less developed European region. Combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, the paper examines the reasons why some individuals decide to return after their studies, the factors that shape their decisions and how these choices unfolded in space and time. It counters the literature, which suggests that migration is a one-off linear process driven only by wealth-maximising behaviour, positing rather that access to opportunities in open meritocratic job markets and circular migration trajectories are far more salient to FMGs. This suggests that policy makers should concentrate on promoting labour market opportunities and invest in social networks that will aid brain circulation. JEL Classification

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Section: Where To Go After Graduation? Jobs Creative and Tolerant Plmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Brain Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do they return? Beyond the economic drivers of graduate return migration

2016

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“…Moreover, the acquisition of tacit knowledge is far more place-specific than codified knowledge. For these reasons, student migration -as an essential component of internationalised brain training and brain circulation (Gaillard and Gaillard, 1997;Johnson and Regets, 1998) -is likely to remain important in the foreseeable future. Student migration therefore needs to be seen as part of the dense and interconnected flows of skilled migrants amongst the more developed economies, and as a structural feature of internationalised economies, rather than a transitory feature to be eliminated by economic and educational convergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Been there, done that’: international student migration and human capital transfers from the UK to Slovakia

Baláž

Williams

2004

Population Space and Place

159

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International student migration remains an under-researched field in migration studies, and this is especially true of return migration. This paper analyses students from Slovakia who have studied in the UK, both on degree courses and language/vocational courses, and have subsequently returned to their country of origin. It analyses their motivations, their acquisition of human capital in the UK, and the extent to which they have been able to realise individual welfare gains after returning to Slovakia. The students' evaluations of their experiences are highly positive, with substantial numbers also reporting improvements in their jobs and incomes, even following relatively short stays abroad. The study emphasises the importance of the specific competences acquired by the students, rather than broad skill categories, or qualifications. It highlights the value attached to language competence, in particular, but also to learning, attitudinal and inter-personal competences, as well as networking. The paper concludes that there is a need to pay more attention to individual social biographies when understanding the relationship between migration and learning. At the same time, it also stresses structural parameters to individual agency, including the specific economic conditions in a transition economy, and the market value of competence in English as a world language.

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“…Many researchers returned to their home country. Brain circulation may be a more apt term for the movement of contemporary scholars 3 .…”

Section: Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%