Scientists have most impact when they're free to move

Sugimoto, Cassidy R.; Robinson-García, Nicolás; Murray, Dakota; Yegros-Yegros, Alfredo; Costas, Rodrigo; Larivière, Vincent

doi:10.1038/550029a

Cited by 155 publications

(153 citation statements)

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“…However, less understood is how scientists from different countries establish ties through migration. The use of bibliometric methods, in particular, has received scant attention, with a few notable exceptions at the individual (Laudel 2003) and country level (Moed and Halevi 2014;Sugimoto et al 2016Sugimoto et al , 2017. This paper extends on previous bibliometric studies of mobility in order to demonstrate insights that can be gained by examining multiple forms of scientific partnerships in concert.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…PAI reinforced the importance of geographic and linguistic proximity acting as a predictor of scientific partnerships. For example, the United States is not a preferred partner but is one of the most attractive destinations for foreign researchers (Scellato et al 2014;Sugimoto et al 2017). Large countries, like the US, have extremely high breadth across the scientific network-serving as a collaborative partner with all and a mobile partner for many.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using affiliation data from scientific publications, it is possible to track the trajectory of individual scientists and analyze collaboration and mobility patterns at meso and macro levels (Moed and Halevi 2014;Sugimoto et al 2017;Wagner et al 2018). A bibliometric approach allows us to conduct a comparative study of number of mobile researchers and the amount of internationally co-authored papers countries have.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travel bans and scientific mobility: utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes to inform science policy

Chinchilla‐Rodríguez

Robinson-García

et al. 2018

Scientometrics

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This study explores the international profiles in collaboration and mobility of countries included in the so-called ''travel bans'' implemented by US President Trump as executive order in 2017. The objective of this research is to analyze the exchange of knowledge between countries and the relative importance of specific countries in order to inform evidence-based science policy. The work serves as a proof-of-concept of the utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes for collaboration and mobility. Comparative analyses of these indicators can be useful for informing immigration policies and motivating collaboration and mobility relationships-emphasizing the importance of geographic and cultural similarities. Egocentric and relational perspectives are analyzed to provide various lenses on the importance of countries. Our analysis suggests that comparisons of

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travel bans and scientific mobility: utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes to inform science policy

Chinchilla‐Rodríguez

Robinson-García

et al. 2018

Scientometrics

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“…Research on individual mobility and its career effect remains scant, however, primarily owing to the difficulty of obtaining longitudinal information about the movements of many scientists and accounts of the reasons underlying mobility decisions. Scientists who left their country of origin outperformed scientists who did not relocate, according to their citation scores, which may be rooted in a selection bias that offers better career opportunities to better scientists (43, 44). Moreover, scientists tend to move between institutions of similar prestige (45).…”

Section: Career Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science of science

Fortunato

Bergstrom

Börner

et al. 2018

Science

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709

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BACKGROUND The increasing availability of digital data on scholarly inputs and outputs—from research funding, productivity, and collaboration to paper citations and scientist mobility—offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the structure and evolution of science. The science of science (SciSci) offers a quantitative understanding of the interactions among scientific agents across diverse geographic and temporal scales: It provides insights into the conditions underlying creativity and the genesis of scientific discovery, with the ultimate goal of developing tools and policies that have the potential to accelerate science. In the past decade, SciSci has benefited from an influx of natural, computational, and social scientists who together have developed big data–based capabilities for empirical analysis and generative modeling that capture the unfolding of science, its institutions, and its workforce. The value proposition of SciSci is that with a deeper understanding of the factors that drive successful science, we can more effectively address environmental, societal, and technological problems. ADVANCES Science can be described as a complex, self-organizing, and evolving network of scholars, projects, papers, and ideas. This representation has unveiled patterns characterizing the emergence of new scientific fields through the study of collaboration networks and the path of impactful discoveries through the study of citation networks. Microscopic models have traced the dynamics of citation accumulation, allowing us to predict the future impact of individual papers. SciSci has revealed choices and trade-offs that scientists face as they advance both their own careers and the scientific horizon. For example, measurements indicate that scholars are risk-averse, preferring to study topics related to their current expertise, which constrains the potential of future discoveries. Those willing to break this pattern engage in riskier careers but become more likely to make major breakthroughs. Overall, the highest-impact science is grounded in conventional combinations of prior work but features unusual combinations. Last, as the locus of research is shifting into teams, SciSci is increasingly focused on the impact of team research, finding that small teams tend to disrupt science and technology with new ideas drawing on older and less prevalent ones. In contrast, large teams tend to develop recent, popular ideas, obtaining high, but often short-lived, impact. OUTLOOK SciSci offers a deep quantitative understanding of the relational structure between scientists, institutions, and ideas because it facilitates the identification of fundamental mechanisms responsible for scientific discovery. These interdisciplinary data-driven efforts complement contributions from related fields such as sciento-metrics and the economics and sociology of science. Although SciSci seeks long-standing universal laws and mechanisms that apply across various fields of science, a fundamental challenge going forward is accounting for un...

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“…International collaboration helps the progress of national research, both if this collaboration is between scientists from their country of origin [1] and, especially, if the collaboration is between researchers in different countries [2–5]. In the latter case, the loss of knowledge may be due to researchers not returning (brain drain), but also it could be due to the elimination or weakening of links with the country of origin (brain circulation) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and scientific mobility: The Spanish case

Aceituno¹,

Danvila-del-Valle²,

García³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Scientific mobility can stimulate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, acting as a catalyst for reducing imbalances between local and global science and the resulting socio-economic damage. This study evaluates both whether scientific mobility effectively promotes these concepts and the fundamental reasons to articulate effective policies for scientific mobility. Toward this end, a survey has been prepared following the methodology of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and current scientific literature. A total of 364 researchers involved in Spanish scientific mobility took part in the study: Spanish scientists abroad (135) and scientists returned to Spain (52), as mobile groups, and young researchers in Spain (177), as a group of scientists who could go abroad, but that have not yet begun to leave. The results demonstrate that scientific mobility does promote entrepreneurship and, especially intrapreneurship. Moreover, since permanent positions are scarce for these groups and their mobility decisions largely depend on job opportunities, the involved Spanish authorities and agents can improve scientific mobility by means suitable policies that make the most of this potential to the benefit of economic growth and job creation.

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Scientists have most impact when they're free to move

Abstract: COMMENTMeasuring the global movements of researchers will help to assess the effects of political actions on science.© 2 0 1 7 M a c m i l l a n P u b l i s h e r s L i m i t e d , p a r t o f S p r i n g e r N a t u r e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

Cited by 155 publications

References 5 publications

Travel bans and scientific mobility: utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes to inform science policy

Travel bans and scientific mobility: utility of asymmetry and affinity indexes to inform science policy

Science of science

Entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and scientific mobility: The Spanish case

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