“…Bayesian estimation of SEMs (Kaplan & Depaoli, 2012;Lee, 2007;Muthén & Asparouhov, 2012a;Scheines, Hoijtink, & Boomsma, 1999) and MLMs (Congdon, 2010;Gelman & Hill, 2007;Lynch, 2007) is a prevalent methodological topic because Bayesian methods are useful for solving problems that are unique to these modeling frameworks. Compared with ML, Bayesian estimation of hierarchical models can produce more accurate and efficient parameter estimates when the data consist of a small number of groups (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2010;Baldwin & Fellingham, 2013).…”