Introduction to dosimetry and risk estimation of second cancer induction following radiotherapy

A descriptive and broadly applicable model of therapeutic and stray absorbed dose from 6 to 25 MV photon beams

“…There are three distinct sets of measured dosimetric data considered in this manuscript summarized in Table . The first set was obtained in this study under the auspices of the European Radiation Dosimetry (EURADOS) Working Group 9 (WG9), a multinational collaboration of institutions and researchers dedicated to research and development in the field of radiation dosimetry in medicine . These experiments were specifically designed to yield dosimetric data that was needed to understand and model the physics of stray radiation exposure.…”

“…the field of radiation dosimetry in medicine. 1 These experiments were specifically designed to yield dosimetric data that was needed to understand and model the physics of stray radiation exposure. The measurement methods and a limited number of preliminary results were previously reported by Bordy et al 28 The EURADOS dataset consists of measurements made with multiple types thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), radiophotoluminescent dosimeters (RPLs), and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) of doses delivered by a Saturne 43 linac (GE Medical Systems, USA).…”

“…Healthy tissue in the margin of the treatment field will receive absorbed doses on the order of the prescribed dose. Tissues outside the treatment field receive stray dose from scattered and leakage radiation that is one to four orders of magnitude smaller . Historically, clinical practices focused almost exclusively on in‐field exposures because of their prime importance to curing primary cancers.…”

“…Tissues outside the treatment field receive stray dose from scattered and leakage radiation that is one to four orders of magnitude smaller. 1 Historically, clinical practices focused almost exclusively on in-field exposures because of their prime importance to curing primary cancers. In recent years, 5-year survival rates have surpassed 69% for all cancers 2 and 80% for childhood cancers, 3 but a myriad of radiation epidemiology studies have revealed the high prevalence of radiation-induced late effects including cardiac toxicity and radiogenic second cancers.…”

Comparison of Measured and Calculated Out-of-Field Doses in a Paediatric Anthropomorphic Phantom / Out of the Body Scatter Contribution Evidence

“…The main photon contributions to out-of-field doses come from the scattered radiation from the treatment head, which is a function of the treatment head design and collimator scatter radiation, and from the scattered radiation from the interaction of the primary beams with the patient. The later is treatment-dependent and therefore closely influenced by the prescribed dose, number of beams and orientation, correspondent dose distribution inside the patient [13], and for changes in the material which may be in the path of the radiation beam in question such as the radiotherapy couch tops. Couch tops are made to be relatively x-ray translucent, but they still affect the x-ray characteristics even at high energies [14,15].…”