Introduction to Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms

Dahl, Christiane; Hell, Rüdiger; Leustek, Thomas; Knaff, David B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6863-8_1

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The percent carbonate data show a weak correlation with bchle ( r = −0.14) (Fig. ), and therefore, carbonate precipitation may be related to the specific community composition, in particular the abundance of (bchle‐containing) green sulfur bacteria in each layer (Dahl et al ., ; Zyakun et al ., ). The carbonate δ 13 C is fairly constant over the depth of the core, averaging −1.78‰ with a standard deviation of 0.64‰.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ¹³C_org fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

Houghton¹,

Fike²,

Druschel

et al. 2014

Geobiology

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Modern laminated photosynthetic microbial mats are ideal environments to study how microbial activity creates and modifies carbon and sulfur isotopic signatures prior to lithification. Laminated microbial mats from a hypersaline lagoon (Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico) maintained in a flume in a greenhouse at NASA Ames Research Center were sampled for δ(13) C of organic material and carbonate to assess the impact of carbon fixation (e.g., photosynthesis) and decomposition (e.g., bacterial respiration) on δ(13) C signatures. In the photic zone, the δ(13) C org signature records a complex relationship between the activities of cyanobacteria under variable conditions of CO2 limitation with a significant contribution from green sulfur bacteria using the reductive TCA cycle for carbon fixation. Carbonate is present in some layers of the mat, associated with high concentrations of bacteriochlorophyll e (characteristic of green sulfur bacteria) and exhibits δ(13) C signatures similar to DIC in the overlying water column (-2.0‰), with small but variable decreases consistent with localized heterotrophic activity from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Model results indicate respiration rates in the upper 12 mm of the mat alter in situ pH and HCO3- concentrations to create both phototrophic CO2 limitation and carbonate supersaturation, leading to local precipitation of carbonate minerals. The measured activity of SRB with depth suggests they variably contribute to decomposition in the mat dependent on organic substrate concentrations. Millimeter-scale variability in the δ(13) C org signature beneath the photic zone in the mat is a result of shifting dominance between cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria with the aggregate signature overprinted by heterotrophic reworking by SRB and methanogens. These observations highlight the impact of sedimentary microbial processes on δ(13) C org signatures; these processes need to be considered when attempting to relate observed isotopic signatures in ancient sedimentary strata to conditions in the overlying water column at the time of deposition and associated inferences about carbon cycling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ¹³C_org fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

Houghton¹,

Fike²,

Druschel

et al. 2014

Geobiology

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“…Sulfur (S) is an essential plant macronutrient (e.g., for amino acids, lipids, vitamins), but S limitation is rarely observed in aquatic environments (Dahl et al. 2008).…”

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“…The type and abundance of alternative 1 lipids produced may differ for eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria (Van Mooy et al 2009). Sulfur (S) is an essential plant macronutrient (e.g., for amino acids, lipids, vitamins), but S limitation is rarely observed in aquatic environments (Dahl et al 2008). SLs are a natural component of cyanobacterial, algal, and plant chloroplast, and thylakoid membranes and envelopes along with glycolipids (GLs) and PLs (Benson et al 1959, Sato 2004.…”

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NONPHOSPHORUS LIPIDS IN PERIPHYTON REFLECT AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA¹

Bellinger

Mooy

2012

Journal of Phycology

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Algal and plant production of nonphosphorus lipids in place of phospholipids is a physiological response to low phosphorus (P) availability. This response has been shown in culture and in marine plankton studies, but examples from freshwater algae remain minimal. Herein, we analyzed the nutrient contents and lipid composition of periphyton communities across the Florida Everglades ecosystem. We hypothesized that in phosphate-poor areas, periphyton in high- and low-sulfate waters would vary the proportion of sulfolipids (SLs) and betaine lipids (BLs), respectively. In phosphate-enriched areas, periphyton would produce more phospholipids (PLs). We observed that at low-P sites, PLs were a minor lipid component. In cyanobacteria-dominated periphyton where sulfate was abundant, BLs were only slightly more abundant than SLs. However, in the low-P, low-sulfate area, periphyton were comprised to a greater degree green algae and diatoms, and BLs represented the majority of the total lipids. Even in a P-rich area, PLs were a small component of periphyton lipid profiles. Despite the phosphorus limitations of the Everglades, periphyton can develop tremendous biomass. Our results suggest a physiological response by periphyton to oligotrophic conditions whereby periphyton increase abundances of nonphosphorus lipids and have reduced proportions of PLs.

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“…Since the synthesis of these defence compounds seems to partially depend on optimal sulfate supply, the term "sulfurenhanced defence" has been coined (Kruse et al 2007). The many aspects of sulfur function in phototrophic organisms have recently been comprehensively reviewed (Dahl et al 2008). …”

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Cellular Biology of Sulfur and Its Functions in Plants

Hell

Khan²,

Wirtz

2010

Plant Cell Monographs

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Sulfur is one of the most versatile elements in life. It functions in fundamental processes such as electron transport, structure, and regulation. In plants, additional roles have developed with respect to photosynthetic oxygen production, abiotic and biotic stress resistance and secondary metabolism. Sulfate uptake, reductive assimilation, and integration into cysteine and methionine are the central processes that direct oxidized and reduced forms of organically-bound sulfur into its various functions. These steps are distributed between several cellular compartments and tightly regulated by supply, demand, and environmental factors in a network with assimilation of carbon and nitrogen. Signaling cues such as sulfate availability and thiol-based redox homeostasis via glutathione and their integrating by sensing systems will be presented in this chapter and analyzed.

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Introduction to Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms

Cited by 10 publications

References 74 publications

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ¹³C_org fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ¹³C_org fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

NONPHOSPHORUS LIPIDS IN PERIPHYTON REFLECT AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA¹

Cellular Biology of Sulfur and Its Functions in Plants

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Introduction to Sulfur Metabolism in Phototrophic Organisms

Cited by 10 publications

References 74 publications

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ13Corg fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ13Corg fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

NONPHOSPHORUS LIPIDS IN PERIPHYTON REFLECT AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA1

Cellular Biology of Sulfur and Its Functions in Plants

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Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ¹³C_org fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ¹³C_org fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats

NONPHOSPHORUS LIPIDS IN PERIPHYTON REFLECT AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA¹