Introduction to the Special LDLensRad Focus Issue

Ainsbury, Elizabeth A.; Dalke, Claudia; Mancuso, Mariateresa; Kadhim, Munira; Quinlan, Roy A.; Азизова, Т. В.; Dauer, Lawrence T.; Dynlacht, Joseph R.; Tanner, R.J.; Hamada, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1667/rade-21-00188.1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Few cataract models have been studied more than the lens opacities resulting from ionizing radiation exposure, in part not only because of their similarities to opacification with age but also because of the exposure of individuals involved in air travel, space exploration, medical imaging, and intervention therapies (104,(112)(113)(114)(115). Irradiated lenses show altered metabolism, PTMs, oxidative and osmotic stress, increased insoluble protein and protein aggregation, decreased pH and ion imbalance, and light scattering (116)(117)(118)(119). These published data provide insight into the basis for molecular and cellular longevity in the aging lens (112) and the mechanisms of aging on the sequence of molecular changes that occur in aging cells and tissues (93,95,96,99).…”

Section: Cataractogenic Load Hypothesis and Its Implication For Lens ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens

Quinlan

Clark

2022

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Section: Cataractogenic Load Hypothesis and Its Implication For Lens ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens

Quinlan

Clark

2022

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…This paper picked up several studies to highlight some of recent knowledge, which would merely be a very small part of all what we really know about manifestations and mechanisms of noncancer effects, as much more comprehensively reviewed elsewhere for radiation effects on the eye, the circulatory system and the nervous system (120,217,(243)(244)(245)(272)(273)(274). A series of such huge developments came in part from various European Union-funded projects under the umbrella of MELODI, OPERRA, DoReMi and CONCERT, such as LDLensRad (275) for cataracts, and PROCARDIO, CARDIORISK, CEREBRAD and MEDIRAD for DCS. Further studies are clearly needed to epidemiologically determine the shape of the dose response curve, biologically determine mechanisms, biologically characterize manifestations at wide-ranging dose and dose rate, and to integrate knowledge from epidemiology and biology leading to developments of AOPs and BBDR models.…”

Section: Integration Of Epidemiology and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

Hamada

2023

Radiation Research

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For radiation protection purposes, noncancer effects with a threshold-type dose-response relationship have been classified as tissue reactions (formerly called nonstochastic or deterministic effects), and equivalent dose limits aim to prevent occurrence of such tissue reactions. Accumulating evidence demonstrates increased risks for several late occurring noncancer effects at doses and dose rates much lower than previously considered. In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued a statement on tissue reactions to recommend a threshold of 0.5 Gy to the lens of the eye for cataracts and to the heart and brain for diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), independent of dose rate. Literature published thereafter continues to provide updated knowledge. Increased risks for cataracts below 0.5 Gy have been reported in several cohorts (e.g., including in those receiving protracted or chronic exposures). A dose threshold for cataracts is less evident with longer follow-up, with limited evidence available for risk of cataract removal surgery. There is emerging evidence for risk of normal-tension glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but the long-held tenet that the lens represents among the most radiosensitive tissues in the eye and in the body seems to remain unchanged. For DCS, increased risks have been reported in various cohorts, but the existence or otherwise of a dose threshold is unclear. The level of risk is less uncertain at lower dose and lower dose rate, with the possibility that risk per unit dose is greater at lower doses and dose rates. Target organs and tissues for DCS are also unknown, but may include heart, large blood vessels and kidneys. Identification of potential factors (e.g., sex, age, lifestyle factors, coexposures, comorbidities, genetics and epigenetics) that may modify radiation risk of cataracts and DCS would be important. Other noncancer effects on the radar include neurological effects (e.g., Parkinsonŉs disease and dementia) of which elevated risk has increasingly been reported. These late occurring noncancer effects tend to deviate from the definition of tissue reactions, necessitating more scientific developments to reconsider the radiation effect classification system and risk management. This paper gives an overview of historical developments made in ICRP prior to the 2011 statement and an update on relevant developments made since the 2011 ICRP statement.

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“…There is also accumulating evidence from various occupational groups exposed at low dose rate of excess risks of cataract (7,8). The possible associated mechanisms are necessarily somewhat uncertain for both endpoints, although some plausible hypotheses have been advanced (9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evidence for Excess Risk of Cancer and Non-Cancer Disease at Low Doses and Dose Rates

Simon

Kendall

Bouffler³

et al. 2022

Radiation Research

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The question of whether there are excess radiation-associated health risks at low dose is controversial. We present evidence of excess cancer risks in a number of (largely pediatrically or in utero exposed) groups exposed to low doses of radiation (<0.1 Gy). Moreover, the available data on biological mechanisms do not provide support for the idea of a low-dose threshold or hormesis for any of these endpoints. There are emerging data suggesting risks of cardiovascular disease and cataract at low doses, but this is less well established. This large body of evidence does not suggest and, indeed, is not statistically compatible with any very large threshold in dose (>10 mGy), or with possible beneficial effects from exposures. The presented data suggest that exposure to low-dose radiation causes excess cancer risks and quite possibly also excess risks of various non-cancer endpoints.

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Introduction to the Special LDLensRad Focus Issue

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens

Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

The Evidence for Excess Risk of Cancer and Non-Cancer Disease at Low Doses and Dose Rates

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