“…The concept of media fandom “refers to loosely interlinked interpretive communities, mainly comprising women and spanning a wide range of demographics in terms of age, sexuality, economic status, and national, cultural, racial and ethnic backgrounds, formed around various popular cultural texts” (Pande, 2018, p. 2). The study of such fandom practices and behaviors has often been viewed by Fan Studies scholars as a series of “waves,” with the first of these emerging in the early 1990s and characterized as the “Fandom is Beautiful” era (Gray et al, 2007). In this period, research “focused largely on fans and fan cultures as communities who worked together to help democratize the meaning-making in popular culture discourse” (Linden & Linden, 2017, p. 37), but was also seen to be “reinforcing a binary distinction between fans and ‘normal audiences’” (Sandvoss et al, 2017, p. 9).…”