This review reports the state of knowledge on metabolism during the anhydrobiotic state in microorganisms, and highlights the substantial gaps in our understanding of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of molecular and biochemical processes in desiccated microbial cells. Despite these knowledge gaps, we also argue that the available data, while often not directly quantifying anhydrobiotic metabolism, may support the concept of "anhydrobiotic basal metabolism" as a long-term survival strategy.