Intuition as artifact in mere exposure studies.

Stang, David J.

doi:10.1037/h0037418

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Indeed, Reber and his colleagues (1998) presented evidence that perceptual fluency is positively valenced. Stang (1974) also found that individuals had an intuition about the positive relationship between frequency of exposure and affect. When research participants were asked to imagine that they had seen some Turkish words in varying frequencies, their subsequent affective ratings for these words mirrored typical results of mere exposure studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited

Lee¹

2001

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

177

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A misattribution explanation for the mere exposure effect posits that individuals misattribute perceptual fluency to liking when they are not aware that the fluency comes from prior exposure. The uncertainty reduction explanation posits that individuals prefer stimuli that are familiar and is consistent with findings that stimuli judged old were preferred to those judged new. The present research provides evidence to support an uncertainty reduction account of the mere exposure effect. The results of Experiment 1 show that three different operationalizations of uncertainty reduction-prior exposure, subjective familiarity, and confidence-all led to enhanced affect. The results in Experiment 2 show that participants corrected their cognitive responses but not their affective responses at higher levels of exposure frequency, suggesting that misattribution may be accountable for exposure effects in cognitive judgments but not in affective judgments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited

Lee¹

2001

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

177

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“…Using the 'mere-exposure' paradigm, some studies have found that familiarity through repetition increases the affective preference for a stimulus (Kunst-Wilson & Zajonc, 1980;Zajonc, 1968). Despite being a promising explanation for long-term effects in art appreciation, mereexposure effects were found with a number of different stimulus materials, but results with artworks were often ambiguous (Leder, 2002;Stang, 1974Stang, , 1975. Bornstein (1989) concluded from his meta-analyses that effects with artworks were not at all consistent, although effects of familiarity were found by some researchers either through repetition (Kruglanski, Freund, & Bar, 1986) or by using natural differences (Cutting, 2003;Leder, 2001).…”

Section: Implicit Memory Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments

Leder

Belke

Oeberst

et al. 2004

British J of Psychology

1,490

1,668

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Although aesthetic experiences are frequent in modern life, there is as of yet no scientifically comprehensive theory that explains what psychologically constitutes such experiences. These experiences are particularly interesting because of their hedonic properties and the possibility to provide self-rewarding cognitive operations. We shall explain why modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness and conceptuality offer positive aesthetic experiences. Moreover, the challenge of art is mainly driven by a need for understanding. Cognitive challenges of both abstract art and other conceptual, complex and multidimensional stimuli require an extension of previous approaches to empirical aesthetics. We present an information-processing stage model of aesthetic processing. According to the model, aesthetic experiences involve five stages: perception, explicit classification, implicit classification, cognitive mastering and evaluation. The model differentiates between aesthetic emotion and aesthetic judgments as two types of output.

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“…For this aim, Zajonc (1968) applied the same stimuli several times. Stang (1974) objected that repeated stimulation prompted participants to guess the experimenter's intention and to fulfil his expectation. In addition, the repeated application of stimuli was time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hypochondriacal attitudes may reflect a general cognitive bias that is not limited to illness-related thoughts

Schwenzer

Mathiak

2011

Psychology & Health

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Previous findings suggested that hypochondriacal attitudes could originate from a pessimistic trait independent of illness-related thoughts. We hypothesised that hypochondriacal attitudes correlated with a general cognitive tendency towards negative interpretations and reduced familiarisation. Healthy non-patients were invited to participate. The sum score from the Hypochondriacal Beliefs and Disease Phobia scales of the Illness Attitude Scales assessed hypochondriacal attitudes. Participants without any knowledge of the Chinese language were asked to guess whether or not each of eight Chinese characters had a positive meaning and whether the characters appeared familiar. Stimuli without semantic content avoided a reference to illness in order to assess a general cognitive bias. Participants with high hypochondriasis scores rated apparently familiar stimuli as being less positive in comparison to low hypochondriacal participants, F(1,78) = 9.2, p = 0.003, η² = 0.10; correlation of hypochondriasis scores to the differences between ratings of familiar and unfamiliar characters: ρ = 0.345, p = 0.002. Positivity and familiarity ratings did not correlate with hypochondriacal attitudes independent of each other. A less positive appraisal of familiar experiences, which is unrelated to illness-related thoughts, may maintain hypochondriacal concerns. A general distrustful attitude towards familiar procedures should be considered in hypochondriasis.

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Intuition as artifact in mere exposure studies.

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited

The Mere Exposure Effect: An Uncertainty Reduction Explanation Revisited

A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments

Hypochondriacal attitudes may reflect a general cognitive bias that is not limited to illness-related thoughts

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