Intumescent coatings: A review on recent progress

The effect of organoclays on the fire-proof efficiency of intumescent coatings

“…Typically, these are ammonium phosphates, pentaerythrite and its close analogues, melamine and melamine derivatives, chloro-paraffins, titanium oxide, rheological additives [3].…”

“…The character of these dependences demonstrates that the basic chemical processes responsible for building a coke layer and, accordingly, fire-retardant properties of IC, start after 300 о С and proceed in the temperature range of 350-550 о С while the influence of nanoadditives on the process of swelling has a number of peculiarities: -IC without additive, which contains copolymer SA in its composition, has a fairly high coefficient of swelling (K=55 g/cm 3 ), but it forms a coke residue that is not resistant to temperatures, as evidenced by the sharp reduction in parameter K at temperature >350 о С; -at temperatures of 300-350 о С, the additives of TiO 2 and TiO 2 -n practically do not affect the value of swelling coefficient K and greatly increase thermal stability of a coke layer in the temperature range of 350-500 о С; -nanoclays, when heating a composition to 400 о С, significantly inhibit the swelling of IC and provide for a stable coke layer state during the interval of temperature from 400 to 600 о С. Dynamics of change in parameter K (Fig. 2) demonstrates that IC with titanium nanooxide and nanoclays are characterized by a longer stabilizing section of stability of swelling coefficient K in the temperature range of 300-550 о С compared to the system that does not contain additives.…”

Intumescent fire‐retardant coatings for plastics based on poly(vinylphosphonic acid): Improving water resistance with comonomers

“…The major advantage of protecting a flammable material against fire by applying a fire‐retardant surface coating as opposed to incorporating fire‐retardants (FRs) in the bulk of material is that the former method concentrates the FR on the surface of the substrate, where it can effectively protect the substrate from ignition without significantly affecting overall mechanical properties . Conventional fire‐retardant coatings typically contain fire‐retardant chemicals dispersed in an organic resin binder, which is then applied to the surface of the substrate, and are typically intumescent (foam and swell on heating) . The use of resin binder, however, adds extra fuel; hence the FR chemicals must be present in relatively large concentrations to be effective, making the coating thicker.…”

Polyurethane coatings based on linseed oil phosphate ester polyols with intumescent flame retardants

“…The intumescent coatings' composition, besides the binder, traditionally consists of an acid source, a char‐forming agent, and a blowing agent . The mechanism of their action in the coating intumescence process has been considered in a variety of studies . For most of intumescent formulations, APP is used as an acid source.…”