Invasions by Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Western Hemisphere: implications for South America

Abstract

Invasões de Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) no Hemisfério Ocidental: Implicacões para a América do Sul RESUMO -A joaninha, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), nativa da Ásia, foi recentemente detectada na América do Sul depois de ter invadido a América do Norte e Europa. Essa joaninha é um predador voraz, e portanto, popular e eficaz no controle biológico. Infelizmente, H. axyridis também está relacionada a impactos nocivos (ex., como peste residencial e de frutas temperadas e ameaça a organismos não-alvos). Para fazer prever os possíveis impactos de H. axyridis na América do Sul, a história da sua invasão no Hemisfério Ocidental foi revisada e os vários fatores críticos para futuras invasões (isto é, chegada, estabelecimento e disseminação) em novas áreas da América do Sul foram discutidos. A possibilidade de introduções contínuas de H. axyridis na América do Sul parece alta devido a sua popularidade como agente de controle biológico e através de introduções acidentais. Seu estabelecimento também parece possível em extensas regiões da América do Sul. A similaridade climática com a região nativa sugere que o estabelecimento é possível na região sul da América do Sul. Porém, similaridade de hábitat com a região nativa sugere que o estabelecimento seja mais adequado na região norte da América do Sul. Além disso, a disponibilidade da presa não deve ser um fator limitante para o estabelecimento desse predador. Após o estabelecimento, H. axyridis pode se disseminar pelo próprio vôo e por meios associados ao homem. Concluindo, a invasão de H. axyridis em novas áreas do continente sul-americano é provável. (Colunga-Garcia & Gage 1998, Brown & Miller 1998, Michaud 2002b, Alyokhin & Sewell 2004, Saini 2004, which may be partly due to intraguild predation (e.g., Cottrell & Yeargan 1998, Michaud 2002b, Cottrell 2004, Yasuda et al. 2004. In addition, H. axyridis may impact populations of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Koch et al. 2004c, in press b). Second, H. axyridis can be a pest of fruit production (Koch et al. 2004a), particularly as a contaminant during wine production (Pickering et al. 2004, Galvan et al. 2006. Third, H. axyridis can be a nuisance to humans. It can become a household pest when it seeks shelter from winter in homes and other structures (Nalepa et al. 2004(Nalepa et al. , 2005. Once on or in a home, massive aggregations of H. axyridis are a nuisance to homeowners (Nalepa et al. 2004, Huelsman & Kovach 2004 and can cause allergic reactions in humans (Ray & Pence 2004). Similarly, H. axyridis can form autumn aggregations in bee hives, where it apparently does not harm the bees, but is a nuisance to the bee keepers (Caron 1996).The geographic range and impacts (both positive and negative) of H. axyridis are expanding rapidly. Currently, this coccinellid is widely established in North America Can we use what we have learned from the invasion of H. axyridis in North America to predict implications for South America? In this paper, we provide a review of the literature on the histor...

Hesperomyces virescens (Fungi, Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) attacking Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in its native range

“…A striking example of a deliberate introduction that has gone out of control is that of the multicolored Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). H. axyridis is native to Asia between Siberia at the North and Southern China at the South, and from the Altai Mountains to the Pacific Ocean including Korea and Japan [3]. It was first introduced in North America in 1916 for biological control of agricultural pests such as aphids and scale insects on crops including citrus, maize, and tobacco [4,5].…”

Harmonia axyridis: an environmental risk assessment for Northwest Europe

“…We collected host range data from the literature (e.g. Koch et al 2006;Loomans, unpublished) and found that H. axyridis may feed on many aphid species, as well as on numerous other insect prey (e.g. Hemiptera, Psyllidae, Coccoidea, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Coccinellidae and Lepidoptera), spider mites (Tetranychidae), dead insects and also on plant material (e.g.…”

“…The species attacks many non-target organisms including beneficial insects and insects of conservation concern (Ware and Majerus 2007), has resulted in the reduction of populations of native predators in North America, is known as a nuisance in North America and recently also in Northwest Europe, and is a pest of fruit production in North America (e.g. Koch et al 2006 and references therein). The estimate for likelihood of effects on non-target populations is ''very likely''.…”

“…Landis et al 2004), its risks are manifold (reduction in population size of native ladybird beetles, attack of many of non-target species, frugivorous behaviour, large aggregations are nuisance to humans, allergic reactions in and biting of humans; e.g. Koch et al 2006), and it should, thus, not have been released in Nortwest Europe.…”

Threatening the Harvest: The Threat from Three Invasive Insects in Late Season Vineyards

“…Many attempts to introduce MALB into North America have taken place since 1916, though it apparently did not establish until 1988 (Koch 2003 ) . It has since spread to South America and Europe (Koch et al 2006 ) . The multicolored Asian lady beetle is now an important contributor to biological control.…”