Invasive Breast Cancer Incidence in 2,305,427 Screened Asymptomatic Women: Estimated Long Term Outcomes during Menopause Using a Systematic Review

Cutler, Winnifred B.; Bürki, Regula E.; Kolter, James; Chambliss, Catherine; Friedmann, Erika; Hart, Kari

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128895

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, this association did not persist after the adjustment in the final model. In a systematic review, Cutler et al (24) observed an average of cumulative breast cancer inci- Family history of breast cancer is directly associated with the disease. Having a first degree relative with breast cancer is one of the most consistent risk factors for the disease (19,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer

et al. 2016

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Key words:Breast cancer. Vitamin D. Menopause. Physical activity. Case-control study. Palabras clave:Cáncer de mama. Vitamina D. Menopausia. Actividad física. Estudio de casos y controles. ResumenIntroducción: la estrategia de prevención del cáncer de mama sigue siendo el factor clave para el diagnóstico precoz y el método más efi caz para el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el nivel de vitamina D asociado con el cáncer de mama en las mujeres. Métodos: este estudio de casos y controles hospitalarios se llevó a cabo con 181 mujeres con cáncer de mama y 197 controles sanas. Se estudió el nivel de vitamina D, calcio, fósforo y la dosis de suero PTH; se recopilaron de datos relacionados con el estilo de vida y com la historia de las pacientes, además se realizaron mediciones antropométricas. El análisis univariante (Chi-cuadrado probabilidades y primas ratio) y el análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: este estudio muestra un valor más alto de vitamina D en los controles de salud (26,9 mg/dl) que en las mujeres con cáncer de mama (24,8 mg/dl). Se encontraron más mujeres con sufi ciente vitamina D (34,85%) en el grupo control que en el grupo de cáncer. Usando el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, la historia familiar de cáncer de mama (OR 36,37; IC del 95%: 4,75 a 278,50) y la menopausia (OR 5,17; IC del 95%: 2,72 a 9,80) se halló una relación directa con el cáncer de mama, mientras que el nivel de vitamina D (OR 0,95; IC del 95%: 0,91 a 0,99) y la actividad física moderada (OR 0,31; IC del 95%: 0,10 a 0,93) mantienen las asociaciones inversas con la enfermedad. Conclusión: el estado de vitamina D y la práctica de actividad física moderada se consideraron factores de protección para el cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, la menopausia y la historia familiar de cáncer de mama se consideran un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de mama. AbstractIntroduction: The prevention strategy of breast cancer is still the key factor for early diagnosis and the most effective method for tracking the disease.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association vitamin D level with breast cancer in women.Methods: This hospital case-control study was conducted with 181 women with breast cancer and 197 healthy controls. Vitamin D status, calcium, phosphorus and PTH serum dosage and data collection related to lifestyle and patient's history, besides anthropometric measurements were performed. Univariate analysis (Chi-square and raw odds ratio) and multivariate analysis were performed through multivariate logistic regression. Results: This study shows a higher value of vitamin D in health controls (26.9 mg/dL) than in breast cancer women (24.8 mg/dL). Higher numbers of women with suffi cient vitamin D status (34.85%) were found in control group than cancer group. Using the multiple logistic regression model, the family history of breast cancer (OR 36.37,) and menopause (OR 5.17, 95% CI 2.72-9.80) had a direct association with breast cancer, wh...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer

et al. 2016

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“…Menopause is a naturally occurring phenomenon that affects most women above the approximate age of 52 years. The menopause-associated physiological exhaustion of ovarian function increases reproductive, cardiovascular and mental impairments and cancer (Pluchino et al 2011, Cutler et al 2015, Gong et al 2016, Honour 2018). Furthermore, the musculoskeletal system is also deeply affected by menopause (Cauley 2015, Sullivan et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepcidin is an endogenous protective factor for osteoporosis by reducing iron levels

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a global health issue. Although a lack of estrogen is considered the major reason for postmenopausal osteoporosis, other factors might also contribute the etiology of the disease. In previous reports, we and others proposed that iron accumulation after menopause accelerates osteoporosis, and here, we genetically modified the expression of an endogenous hormone, hepcidin, to modulate iron status in a mouse model. Our results show that hepcidin levels negatively correlate with bone loss in both knockout and overexpression (with ovariectomy) murine models. In addition, iron overload enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and attenuates the functions of primary osteoblasts, while iron depletion could reverse this phenomenon through inhibiting the functions of primary osteoclasts. Therefore, our results provide more evidence of the 'iron accumulation' hypothesis, which suggests that high iron levels are risk factors for osteoporosis, and the 'Huang's hypothesis' that hepcidin is a potential drug target for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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“…A systematic review of 19 studies comprising over two million asymptomatic women found that invasive breast cancer rates may be lower for those who do not opt for mammograms, since these unscreened women are not overdiagnosed. 19 Furthermore, lesions that are highly localized in situ and are not necessarily clinically relevant are not detected in these unscreened women. Two thirds of breast cancers found by mammography are overdiagnosed, with the majority not developing into clinical disease.…”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Questioning the benefits of current screening protocols for common cancers

Rodic¹,

Gershon²

2016

UWOMJ

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Screening is the application of a diagnostic test to a population of patients without suspicious clinical signs or symptoms of a disease. Applying screening protocols to detect cancer is especially attractive as cancer is a growing burden and earlier detection of malignancies can lead to better outcomes. While the initial excitement over screening for cancers has caused protocols to be put into practice, data analysis has cast doubt on the net benefit. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing has been used as a screening test for prostate cancer. The harms of a positive PSA screen include invasive investigations and treatments with side effects such as infection and incontinence. The poor sensitivity and specificity of PSA screening caused the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care to recommend against PSA as a screening tool. Similarly, mammography and ultrasound for detecting breast cancer lesions in asymptomatic women suffer from relatively low sensitivity and specificity. The harms of screening include emotional stress and invasive surgical procedures. Meta-analyses reveal that the risks outweigh the benefits for some age groups, but there may be a role in screening asymptomatic patients with a family history of breast cancer with more sensitive but more expensive modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, colonoscopy, which is the gold standard to diagnose colorectal cancers, has failed to show net benefit in screening. While screening protocols thus far have provided underwhelming results, the key in screening in the future may lie in using tests with high specificity and sensitivity, as in next generation screening modalities that rely on molecular markers and analytics.

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Invasive Breast Cancer Incidence in 2,305,427 Screened Asymptomatic Women: Estimated Long Term Outcomes during Menopause Using a Systematic Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer

Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer

Hepcidin is an endogenous protective factor for osteoporosis by reducing iron levels

Questioning the benefits of current screening protocols for common cancers

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