Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children Aged &lt;5 Years Admitted to 3 Urban Hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria

Falade, A G; Lagunju, Ikeoluwa; Bakare, Rasheed; Odekanmi, A. A.; Adegbola, Richard A.

doi:10.1086/596500

Cited by 48 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These data indicate the need for the development of immunization programs, especially in poor countries, to reduce morbidity and mortality (273). Surveillance studies of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in developing countries have also demonstrated that the current 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine would not cover all serotypes causing invasive disease and have suggested that wider coverage would be provided by the 10-valent or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (13,17,22,98,173,221,267,273,283,307,351,354). The introduction of these vaccines into these vulnerable populations is a crucial, but expensive, step to control this serious infection.…”

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

2010

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SUMMARY The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.

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Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

2010

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“…These serotypes are therefore part of the minimally acceptable target product profile for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for African countries that are eligible for support from the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) 3 . Nigeria qualifies for GAVI support 4 but PCV immunization is not yet used widely in this country and there are limited data on pneumococcal serotype distribution among young Nigerian children with pneumococcal disease 5 , 6 . A recent analysis of children aged under 5 y with pneumococcal meningitis conducted in 8 West African countries including Nigeria found pneumococcal serotypes 1 and 5 were most common, accounting for approximately half of all pneumococcal isolates from cerebrospinal fluid samples 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeprotein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Nigerian children

Odusanya

Kuyinu

Shafi

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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In a previous study, 3-dose primary vaccination of Nigerian infants with the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes, with comparable tolerability between PHiD-CV and control groups. In an open-label study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01153893), 68 primed children received a PHiD-CV booster dose co-administered with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) booster dose at 15–21 months and 36 children unprimed for pneumococcal vaccination received two PHiD-CV catch-up doses (first dose co-administered with DTPa booster dose) at 15–21 and 17–23 months. Adverse events were recorded and immune responses were measured before and one month after vaccination. In both groups, pain was the most frequent solicited local symptom and fever was the most frequent solicited general symptom after the booster dose and each catch-up dose. Few grade 3 solicited symptoms and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. After booster vaccination, for each vaccine serotype, at least 98.5% of children had an antibody concentration ≥0.2 µg/ml and at least 94.0% had an opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titer ≥8. After 2-dose catch-up, for each vaccine serotype, at least 97.1% had an antibody concentration ≥0.2 µg/ml, except for serotypes 6B (82.9%) and 23F (88.6%), and at least 91.4% had an OPA titer ≥8, except for serotypes 6B (77.4%) and 19F (85.3%). PHiD-CV induced antibody responses against protein D in both groups. In conclusion, PHiD-CV administered to Nigerian toddlers as a booster dose or 2-dose catch-up was well tolerated and immunogenic for vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D.

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“…17,18 Similar rates of S. pneumoniae bacteremia were described in other resource-poor settings like Nepal (1%) and Nigeria (2.2%). 19,20 The higher RT-PCR method sensitivity compared with blood culture may explain these differences. The work by Resti and others 21 compared the performance of blood cultures and real-time PCR for the detection of S. pneumoniae bacteremia among children admitted with pneumonia to 83 Italian hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatable Bacterial Infections Are Underrecognized Causes of Fever in Ethiopian Children

Aarsland

Castellanos-González²,

Lockamy

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Febrile illnesses remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in resource-poor countries, but too often, tests are not available to determine the causes, leading to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. To determine the cause of febrile illnesses, we recovered the malaria smears from 102 children presenting with fever to Soddo Christian Hospital in Wolaitta Soddo, Ethiopia. DNA was isolated from the smears and evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We identified pathogen DNA with probes for Plasmodium spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rickettsia spp., Salmonella spp., and Borrelia spp. Overall, we showed that it is possible to isolate high-quality DNA and identify treatable pathogens from malaria blood smears. Furthermore, our data showed that bacterial pathogens (especially Pneumococcus, Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp.) are common and frequently unrecognized but treatable causes of febrile illnesses in Ethiopian children. BACKGROUND

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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children Aged <5 Years Admitted to 3 Urban Hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract: Of the pneumococcal serotypes identified, 55% were covered by the licensed 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, whereas all are covered by the 10- and 13-valent vaccines.

Cited by 48 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Safety and immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeprotein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Nigerian children

Treatable Bacterial Infections Are Underrecognized Causes of Fever in Ethiopian Children

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