Invasive pneumococcal disease in New Zealand 1998–2005: capsular serotypes and antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

Isolates from 3903 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were referred to the national reference laboratory over the 8 years, 1998-2005, as part of the laboratory-based surveillance of this disease in New Zealand. All isolates were serotyped and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. The incidence of IPD was highest in young children, with an average annual incidence of 100.8/100,000 in infants aged <2 years. There were changes in the prevalence of several of the serotypes during the 8-year period. Overall the seven serotypes included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F, were the most common serotypes and accounted for 80.9% of the disease in infants aged <2 years. There was no overall change in penicillin resistance or non-susceptibility during the 8 years, and rates were 7.1% and 17.1%, respectively, in 2005. In contrast, cefotaxime and erythromycin resistance increased to reach 3.1% and 12.2%, respectively, by 2005.

Burden and Cost of Hospital Admissions for Vaccine-Preventable Paediatric Pneumococcal Disease and Non-Typable Haemophilus influenzae Otitis Media in New Zealand

“…[45] In NZ, a recent independent analysis using similar methodology showed that the incidence of IPD over the period 2002-5 for children aged <2 years of age was about 75 per 100 000, [12,38] which is within the range found in our study (66 per 100 000; 95% CI 55, 77; see table II). The same study showed that this rate was about onethird lower than invasive Sp.…”

“…IPD occurred most frequently in children aged <2 years, in whom the average annual incidence was 101 per 100 000, while in all children aged <5 years it was 54.2 per 100 000. [12] Active surveillance in Auckland, NZ's largest city, during 1984-92 revealed significantly higher IPD incidences in Pacific Island and indigenous Māori children. [13] A recent meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that PCV7 reduces IPD from all serotypes by 74% and from vaccine serotypes by 89% in children aged <2 years.…”

“…from a normally sterile site, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and can present clinically as meningitis, bacteraemia, pneumonia and, more rarely, peritonitis, osteomyelitis and infective arthritis. [11,12] In NZ during 1998-2005, routine passive surveillance of laboratory isolates indicated an age-standardized annual incidence of IPD of 12.4 per 100 000 of the population. IPD occurred most frequently in children aged <2 years, in whom the average annual incidence was 101 per 100 000, while in all children aged <5 years it was 54.2 per 100 000.…”

Incidence of bloodstream infection: a review of population-based studies

“…Contemporary (within the past decade) studies have been conducted in selected childhood [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] or adult [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] age groups in diverse geographical jurisdictions worldwide. A relatively smaller number of studies have been conducted in entire populations in recent years and these are displayed in Table 2 [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Importantly, most studies investigating serious infections due to S. pneumoniae have included invasive disease (i.e.…”

Neonatal invasive pneumococcal disease: New Zealand experience in the era of pneumococcal vaccination

“…New Zealand introduced PCV7 in June 2008 with administration of the first dose at age six weeks, and changed to PCV10 in mid‐2011. Before vaccination, the incidence of IPD in New Zealand children aged less than two years was estimated at 100.8 per 100 000, with up to five childhood deaths per year from IPD . Since 2008, the rate of IPD has decreased 76% in children aged less than five years due to both direct and indirect immunity from PCV .…”