Inverse Gas Chromatography Study on London Dispersive Surface Free Energy and Electron Acceptor–Donor of Fluconazole Drug

Abstract

The inverse gas chromatography study on the fluconazole drug surface was performed, and the net retention volumes, polar probes, and V N of nalkanes are determined at four temperatures over the range 318.15−333.15 K. The net retention values of n-alkanes were used to evaluate the London dispersive surface free energy γ S L by three different methods, namely, the Donnet−Park, Dorris−Gray, and Schultz methods. The γ S L values were found to increase from 318.15 to 323.15 K for all three methods and then decrease from 323.15 to 333.15 K. The γ S L values were found to be slightly higher in the Schultz method when compared to the results of the Donnet−Park and Dorris−Gray methods. The specific free energy values ΔG a S and the specific enthalpy ΔH a S values have been calculated using the V N data of polar probes. The Guttmann Lewis acid−base parameters, K a and K b , were obtained using ΔH a S values and were found to be 0.217 and 1.518, respectively. The surface character (K b /K a ) was found to be 7.0. The results revealed that the fluconazole powder surface contains relatively more basic sites than acidic sites and can combine strongly with acidic substrates. The surface energy and acid−base data of fluconazole can be used during formulation of the drug and to understand the drug release process.

Structure investigation of solid ion pairs of three imidazole drugs-Rose Bengal using different spectroscopic techniques and Their Biological Activities

“…Butoconazole nitrate, [(±) -1-[4-(p-Chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichlorophenyl) thiol] butyl]-1H-imidazole mononitrate] (III), is an imidazole antifungal; which is primarily used for the local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (infections caused by Candida) [8][9]. Due to the vital importance of these azole antifungals several methods have been reported for the determination of them either in pure forms, dosage forms, or biological fluids like chromatography [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], spectrophotometric [17][18][19][20], electrometric [21][22]. Structure investigation is an important part of drug development due to the need to identify the low level of impurities and degradation of drugs.…”

Surface Thermo-Dynamic Characterization of Poly (Vinylidene Chloride-Co-Acrylonitrile) (P(VDC-co-AN)) Using Inverse-Gas Chromatography and Investigation of Visual Traits Using Computer Vision Image Processing Algorithms

“…This discrepancy may be ascribed to the values of the dispersive surface tensions of the liquid probes . However, as compared to the Dorris–Gray method, the Schultz method is the most substantial for the estimation of London dispersive surface energy, at elevated temperatures [ 47 ]. Nevertheless, the Dorris-Gray method is applicable at ambient temperatures with a known temperature dependency on .…”

“…where γ CH 2 is the surface dispersive free energy of solid material containing only methylene groups (e.g., linear (P(VDC-co-AN))), and it is calculated at any temperature t ( • C) with the Equation (3) stated in [47]:…”

“…The dispersive surface free energy, of (P(VDC-co-AN)) has been calculated following Dorris–Gray equation [ 30 ]: where is the surface dispersive free energy of solid material containing only methylene groups (e.g., linear (P(VDC-co-AN))), and it is calculated at any temperature t ( C) with the Equation ( 3 ) stated in [ 47 ]: N is Avogadro’s number, R is gas constant, T is column temperature, and is the cross-sectional area of adsorbed methylene group. and are the net retention volumes of n–alkanes with carbon number and n , respectively.…”

“… and values along with the physical property data for the probes are given in Appendix A , Table A1 . The a and values for different probes were retrieved from previous IGC studies [ 47 ].…”