Invertebrate conservation in urban areas: Ants in the Brazilian Cerrado

Pacheco, Renata; Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.11.004

Cited by 82 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…In agreement with our results, we can a rm that, it is need to sample ants inside (i. e. Farneda et al, 2007) and outside houses (i. e. Pacheco and Vasconcelos, 2007) to know the ant fauna and to better control these insects in urban environments. e preservation and cultivation of native plant species in the surroundings of houses can provide a greater coexistence of native ants' species (Pacheco and Vasconcelos, 2007), and may even decrease the probability of exotic species to occur, which are the most harmful and need to be controlled (Bueno and Campos-Farinha, 1999;Pacheco and Vasconcelos, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Exotic species are competitively dominant as they do not face natural enemies and can invest energy in growth and reproduction (Blossey and Notzold, 1995). For example, P. megacephala, is an African ant specie introduced in Brazil and is considered to be the main responsible for the competitive exclusion of other species (Pacheco and Vasconcelos, 2007). Also, competitively dominant species, such as Tapinoma melanocephalum and P. megacephala, bene t from urbanization with great disturbance, mainly because of their high capacity of dominance (Piva and Campos, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e preservation and cultivation of native plant species in the surroundings of houses can provide a greater coexistence of native ants' species (Pacheco and Vasconcelos, 2007), and may even decrease the probability of exotic species to occur, which are the most harmful and need to be controlled (Bueno and Campos-Farinha, 1999;Pacheco and Vasconcelos, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species richness is usually greater in structurally complex habitats (Bazzaz, 1975), as these habitats provide more resources, refuge against natural enemies and more stable climatic conditions (Bazzaz, 1975;Tews et al, 2004;Yamaguchi, 2005;Pacheco and Vasconcelos, 2007). In more complex urban habitats such as squares, parks and natural areas close to cities there is a higher ants species richness as well (Pacheco and Vasconcelos 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Riqueza e composição de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em habitats urbanos.

Moreno

Santos²,

Diniz³

2017

R. Ci. Amb.

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Ants are a very rich and cosmopolitan group of insects. e ants' colonies are composed by di erent castes, in which each individual has its function in the colony (i.e. workers, soldiers, and the queen). is amazing organization in castes is the main responsible for their evolutionary success and their adaptation in distinct types of habitats. Two thousand species of ants in Brazil have already been described, and almost 50 of them adapted to live in urban habitats. Ants are considered urban pests, mainly because they physically carry disease organisms and because they damage household appliances. We sampled urban ants in the city of Jataí -GO, located in a region of Brazilian Cerrado, in the Southwest of the State of Goiás. To better demonstrate the ant fauna of this region, we sampled the ants inside houses and in the backyards. We tested if (1) the species richness is higher in backyards than inside houses. We also tested whether (2) ant species composition di ers from those within residences in relation to the ones in backyards. We sampled 47 species of ants belonging to six subfamilies. Backyards had signi cantly higher species richness than within residences. is result was expected, since the backyards are heterogeneous environments and provide more resources, refuges and a better microclimatic quality, allowing a greater amount of species to coexist. is result was expected, since the backyards present vegetation (mainly Poaceae and fruit plants) and exposed soil, allowing the occurrence of species that need these resources. ese results show that knowledge of the richness and composition of the myrmecofauna living in urban areas may be fundamental for the elaboration of management, control and conservation plans of the ants. Keywords: Backyards; Residences; Urbanization; Heterogeneity. RESUMORiqueza e composição de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em habitats urbanos. As formigas pertencem a um grupo de insetos cosmopolita e muito rico em espécies. As colônias de formigas são compostas por muitas castas, em que cada indivíduo tem sua função na colônia (exemplos, operárias, soldados e a rainha). Esta surpreendente organização em castas é a principal responsável pelo seu sucesso evolutivo e por suas adaptações em diferentes tipos de hábitat. Já foram descritas 2.000 espécies de formigas no Brasil, e quase 50 delas são adaptadas a ambientes urbanos. As formigas são consideradas pragas urbanas, principalmente porque elas transportam sicamente organismos portadores de doenças e porque elas dani cam eletrodomésticos. Nós amostramos formigas urbanas no município de Jataí -GO, localizado em uma região de Cerrado Brasileiro, no Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. Para demonstrar melhor a mirmecofauna desta região, nós coletamos as formigas dentro de residências e nos quintas das mesmas. Nós testamos se (1) a riqueza de espécies é maior nos quintais do que dentro das residências. Também testamos se (2) a 1 PPG em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás -UFG, Goiás, GO, Brasil. E-mail para correspondência...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Riqueza e composição de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em habitats urbanos.

Moreno

Santos²,

Diniz³

2017

R. Ci. Amb.

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“…Several studies document that habitat characteristics (such as vegetation complexity, leaf litter depth, number and size of trees, amount of impervious surface) affect abundance, richness, and composition of individual arthropod groups (McKinney 2008;Uno et al 2010). Similarly, landscape-level drivers, such as area of habitat fragments, distance to natural areas, habitat connectivity, and position along the urban to rural gradient, may affect arthropod communities (Rudd et al 2002;Yamaguchi 2004;Pacheco and Vasconcelos 2007;Magura et al 2010). Despite the growth in knowledge of conservation and biodiversity of arthropods in urban ecosystems, there are several areas that deserve further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and landscape drivers of arthropod abundance, richness, and trophic composition in urban habitats

et al. 2013

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Urban green spaces, such as forest fragments, vacant lots, and community gardens, are increasingly highlighted as biodiversity refuges and are of growing interest to conservation. At the same time, the burgeoning urban garden movement partially seeks to ameliorate problems of food security. Arthropods link these two issues (conservation and food security) given their abundance, diversity, and role as providers of ecosystem services like pollination and pest control. Many previous studies of urban arthropods focused on a Author's personal copy single taxon (e.g. order or family), and examined either local habitat drivers or effects of landscape characteristics. In contrast, we examined both local and landscape drivers of community patterns, and examined differences in abundance, richness, and trophic structure of arthropod communities in urban forest fragments, vacant lots, and community gardens. We sampled ground-foraging arthropods, collected data on 24 local habitat features (e.g., vegetation, ground cover, concrete), and examined land-cover types within 2 km of 12 study sites in Toledo, Ohio. We found that abundance and richness of urban arthropods differed by habitat type and that richness of ants and spiders, in particular, varied among lots, gardens, and forests. Several local and landscape factors correlated with changes in abundance, richness, and trophic composition of arthropods, and different factors were important for specific arthropod groups. Overwhelmingly, local factors were the predominant (80 % of interactions) driver of arthropods in this urban environment. These results indicate that park managers and gardeners alike may be able to manage forests and gardens to promote biodiversity of desired organisms and potentially improve ecosystem services within the urban landscape.

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Understanding and Applying Ecological Principles in Cities

et al. 2019

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Renaturing cities requires a thorough understanding of how plants and animals interact with the urban environment and humans. But cities are a challenging environment for ecologists to work in, with high levels of heterogeneity and rapid rates of change. In addition, the hostile conditions often found in cities mean that each city, and region of a city, can have their own unique geographical context. In this chapter, we contrast urban ecological research in the UK and Brazil, to demonstrate the challenges and approaches needed to renature cities. In so doing, we provide a platform for global transferability of these locally contextualised approaches. The UK has a long history of urbanisation and, as a result of increasing extinction debts over 200 years, well-established urban ecological research. Research is generally focused on encouraging species back into the city. In contrast, Brazil is a biodiversity hotspot with relatively rich urban flora and fauna. This rich ecosystem is imperilled by current rapid urbanisation and lack of support for urban nature by citydwellers. By working together and transferring expertise, UK and Brazilian researchers stand a better chance of understanding urban ecological processes and unlocking renaturing processes in each location. We present one such method for applying ecological knowledge to cities, so-called Ecological Engineering, in particular by discussing ecomimicry-the adaptive approach needed to apply global ecological principles to local urban challenges. By reading the ecological landscape in which urban developments sit and applying tailored green infrastructure solutions to new developments and greenspaces, cities may be able to reduce the rate at which extinction debt is accumulated. 15.1.Why Is Urban Ecology Important for Renaturing? Constanza et al. (2014) determined that natural ecosystems provide $125 trillion of ecosystem service provision to human beings per year, more than twice as much as global gross domestic product (GDP). Nature provides us with the essential functions needed to support human life, from oxygen to climate regulation. The biophilia hypothesis (Wilson 1984) outlines that through our reliance on nature, as hunter-gatherers and agronomists, we have developed an innate affinity with the natural world. Evidence shows that regular contact with nature lowers stress-levels (Hartig et al. 2014). Yet, whilst cities can support surprisingly diverse natural communities (Aronson et al. 2014) and threatened species (Ives et al. 2016), urbanisation processes generally cause native species and

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Invertebrate conservation in urban areas: Ants in the Brazilian Cerrado

Cited by 82 publications

References 31 publications

Riqueza e composição de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em habitats urbanos.

Riqueza e composição de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em habitats urbanos.

Local and landscape drivers of arthropod abundance, richness, and trophic composition in urban habitats

Understanding and Applying Ecological Principles in Cities

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