Investigação epidemiológica do tracoma em pré-escolares e escolares nos municípios de Franco da Rocha e Francisco Morato - São Paulo, 1989

Medina, Norma; Gentil, Rosana Maura; Oliveira, Márcia Benedita de; Sartori, Marta; Cabral, José Henrique; Vasconcelos, Marcia Spessoto de; Barros, Oswaldo Monteiro de

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.19940038

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Após um período de aparente desaparecimento, a partir dos anos 80, quando foram confirmados casos de tracoma inflamatório na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo 5 , estudos sucessivos têm mostrado a persistência de focos residuais no estado, tornando indispensável o desenvolvimento de um sistema de vigilância com o objetivo de identificar tendências, grupos e fatores de risco para o tracoma em área de baixa prevalência 14,15 .…”

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Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

et al. 2005

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A case-control study matched by age and school (n = 121 pairs) A queda acentuada da incidência do tracoma em países industrializados pela melhoria das condições de vida e, especialmente, as de higiene, tem diminuído sua visibilidade como problema em saúde pública 3 .Nas regiões mais desenvolvidas do Brasil assiste-se a fenômeno semelhante. No Estado de São Paulo, por exemplo, houve declínio acentuado da prevalência do tracoma desde meados da década de 1940, permitindo que alguns técnicos considerassem-no "erradicado" 4 . No entanto, sua presença volta a ser assinalada nos anos 80, mas com baixa endemicidade. Luna et al. 5 verificaram na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo prevalência de 2,1% da forma inflamatória do tracoma, atingindo principalmente as populações rurais e periurbanas.Poucos estudos têm detalhado o comportamento do tracoma em áreas hipoendêmicas. As publicações focalizando a região metropolitana de São Paulo sugerem uma baixa prevalên-cia, porém os estudos não foram conclusivos quanto aos principais fatores de risco, tornan-

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Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

et al. 2005

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“…4 However, various studies realized after the mid 1980s, in different regions and states, found prevalence varying between 1.5% and 47.7% for active trachoma and from 0.1% to 2.0% for trichiasis, including indigenous populations. 1,2,[5][6][7][8]11,12,14,15 The WHO considers trachoma to be a neglected disease. According to its criteria for eliminating the disease as a cause of blindness, the prevalence of trachomatous infl ammation -follicular needs to be reduced to under 5% in children aged from one to nine, and prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis to less than one case per thousand inhabitants in a community or district.…”

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Prevalência de tracoma entre escolares brasileiros

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence and describe the distribution of trachoma among schoolchildren in Brazilian municipalities. METHODS:Cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling, of the schoolchildren population of the Brazilian municipalities with Human Development IndexMunicipal lower than the national average. This trachoma prevalence survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health, in the period [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. There were 119,531 schoolchildren selected from 2,270 schools located in 1,156 municipalities. The selected schoolchildren underwent an external ocular examination, with a magnifying glass (2.5X), to detect clinical signs of trachoma according to the WHO criteria. The prevalence of trachoma, by state and national level, and their respective 95% confi dence intervals were estimated. Chi-square and Chi-square for trends tests were used to compare categorical variables.RESULTS: There were 6,030 cases of trachoma detected, resulting in a prevalence of 5.0% (95%CI 4.5;5.4). There was no signifi cant difference between the sexes. The prevalence of trachoma was 8.2% among children under 5 years of age, decreasing among higher age groups (p < 0.01). There was a signifi cant difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas, 4.3% versus 6.2% respectively (p < 0.01). Cases were detected in 901 municipalities (77.7% of the sample), in all regions of the country. In 36.8% of the selected municipalities, the prevalence was higher than 5%. CONCLUSIONS:The study shows that trachoma is a signifi cant public health problem in Brazil, contradicting the belief that the disease had been controlled in the country. The survey provides a baseline for evaluating planned interventions aimed at achieving the goal of global certifi cation of elimination of trachoma as a cause of blindness in Brazil by 2020.

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“…7,9 The prevalence found in Sao Paulo, however, was similar to that found in the municipalities of Francisco Morato and Franco da Rocha, where a prevalence of 1.5% for inflammatory trachoma has been reported. 8 Trachoma cases were detected throughout RHAA of the city of São Paulo, but mostly in the Eastern and Southern areas, indicating a non-homogeneous distribution of cases. Most cases were detected in children who were born in the state of São Paulo, evidencing disease transmission statewide.…”

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Prevalência do tracoma em pré-escolares e escolares no Município de São Paulo

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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of trachoma among preschool and school children of public schools to give new focus to control programs. Methods An epidemiological survey was carried out in São Paulo City in 1999. Children aged four to 14 years old were selected by a cluster sampling in which school shift was the sampling unit. External eye examination was conducted to detect clinical signs of trachoma. Results A total of 27,091 children were examined and 597 cases of trachoma were found (2.2%; 95% CI: 1.86%-2.55%). The prevalence ranged from 0.4% to 4.2% in 10 city areas. The trachoma detection rate in the household contacts examined was 8.7%. Follicular trachoma was found in 99% of the cases and intense trachoma in 1.0%. It was observed that 21.8% of the cases were asymptomatic. Conclusions Though the trachoma prevalence was low, the occurrence of severe cases points out to the likelihood of cicatricial trachoma cases in the future if they are not adequately treated and controlled. The great difference in the prevalences in different city areas indicates the need for strengthening epidemiological surveillance activities.

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Investigação epidemiológica do tracoma em pré-escolares e escolares nos municípios de Franco da Rocha e Francisco Morato - São Paulo, 1989

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

Fatores associados ao tracoma em área hipoendêmica da Região Sudeste, Brasil

Prevalência de tracoma entre escolares brasileiros

Prevalência do tracoma em pré-escolares e escolares no Município de São Paulo

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